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Mishkat Al Moumin, PhD. Founder and CEO of Women and the Environment Organization

The Role of Environmental Services in Post-Conflict Countries The International Civil Society Workshop on Environmental Norms and Military Activities. Mishkat Al Moumin, PhD. Founder and CEO of Women and the Environment Organization. Successful Transition to Peace.

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Mishkat Al Moumin, PhD. Founder and CEO of Women and the Environment Organization

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  1. The Role of Environmental Services in Post-Conflict CountriesThe International Civil Society Workshop on Environmental Norms and Military Activities Mishkat Al Moumin, PhD. Founder and CEO of Women and the Environment Organization

  2. Successful Transition to Peace. Meeting the basic environmental needs such as: safe drinking water, reliable energy supplies, sanitation services, and trash pick up is essential to ensure a successful transition to peace.

  3. Post-Conflict Settings • Policymakers understand environmental needs as “protecting the trees.” Thus, • Environmental needs are given less priority in the post-conflict stage.

  4. Post-Conflict Successful transition to peace Back to conflict • According to World Bank, in 44% of all post-conflict situations, the conflict resumes in the first five years after the conflict has stopped. ( World Bank 2004. P.8) • 50% of post-conflict countries relapse back to war in first decade of peace ( Collier 2003. P.7)

  5. The Role of Environmental Services Failing to provide services creates: • On-going frustration and grievance among the majority of the population. • Widens the gap between social groups; winners and losers. • Encourages migration to the cities where these services are offered (limited supply and increases of demand).

  6. Weak States • A weak state that has just emerged from a conflict lacks both human and financial resources to provide services. • Due to the conflict, most of the state infrastructure is destroyed. • The challenges of the post-conflict stage are overwhelming, most policymakers do not know where to begin.

  7. Lack of Services Triggers Violence • Insurgency is the function of grievance and opportunity ( Dixon 1999) Thus, • a weak state + frustrated population = Insurgency

  8. Case Studies • Al Madi Army, an insurgency group operates from Sadr City in Iraq. However, the city lacks basic environmental needs • Anbar Province where Sunni insurgency operate in Iraq- 60% of the population lacks access to safe drinking water • Zapatista insurgency based in Chiapas- 21% of the population lack access to safe drinking water

  9. Recommendations • Identify the immediate environmental response(s) that should be taken after major military operations come to an end. • Adopt policies and operational measures that can provide effective protection to manage environmental resources and sustain them. • Adopt policies that can be implemented successfully at the local level

  10. Questions?

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