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Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels

Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels. Prepared by Sierra Research Inc. Sponsored by the. Background. The Commingling Effect

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Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels

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  1. Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels Prepared by Sierra Research Inc. Sponsored by the

  2. Background • The Commingling Effect • Non-linear increase in Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) is observed when ethanol-containing gasoline is mixed with gasoline having no ethanol in vehicle fuel tanks. • Commingling can only be avoided if ethanol-containing gasoline is never mixed with non-ethanol gasoline.

  3. Case # 1 6.7 psi RVP Ethanol-Containing Fuels Ethanol at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.5 wt. % oxygen 6.7 psi RVP MTBE-Containing Fuels Future Situation in 2000 Case # 2 6.9 psi RVP Ethanol-Containing Fuels Ethanol at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.5 wt. % oxygen 6.5 psi RVP Non-Oxy Fuels Future Situation in 2005 if CA waived from federal oxygenate requirement Sierra Commingling Study

  4. Sacramento Valley Air Basin South Coast Air Basin RVP - Emissions Response

  5. 24 20 16 EMISSIONS % Increase in Emissions 12 8 4 0 0.4 RVP 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Results - SCAB Effects Near Term - 2000 Longer Term - 2005 16 12 EMISSIONS 8 4 0 0.3 RVP 0.2 RVP Boost (psi) 0.1 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ethanol-Gas Market Share (%)

  6. 50 0.7 24 40 0.6 EMISSIONS EMISSIONS 16 30 0.5 % Increase in Emissions 20 8 0.4 10 0 0.3 -4 0.4 RVP 0 -8 RVP 0.3 0.2 -12 RVP Boost (psi) -16 0.2 0.1 -20 0.1 -24 -28 0.0 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Results - SVAB Effects Near Term - 2000 Longer Term - 2005 Ethanol-Gas Market Share (%)

  7. SCAB Impact Comparison

  8. SCAB Impact Comparison - 2005

  9. SVAB Impact Comparison

  10. SVAB Impact Comparison - 2005

  11. Conclusions • Fuel RVP will increase as a result of commingling unless there is no ethanol used in gasoline or all gasoline contains ethanol. • Increased evaporative emissions resulting from commingling may occur (and may have already occurred) prior to the effective date of CaRFG3, December 31, 2002.

  12. Near-Term Solution (2000–02) • An orderly transition to ethanol use is needed. Options are: • Adopt an Ethanol Control Period wherein ethanol use is banned during the summer months; or • Require that all gasoline contain ethanol.

  13. Near-Term Solution (2000–02) • This solution could be implemented on a geographical basis; e.g., in Northern California, use only fuels with ethanol, and in Southern California, use only fuels without ethanol.

  14. Longer-Term Solution (2003+) • In the longer term, CARB needs to complete promised studies on commingling and take appropriate regulatory action to address the issue.

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