1. Fuels Intermediate 2 Chemistry Unit 2(a)

5. Fuels and combustion • A fuel is “a substance which is burned to release energy”. • “Combustion” is another word for “burning”. • Burning requires oxygen (O2). Enough fuel for 4 billion more years

6. Burning fuels • When a substance burns ALL of the different types of atom in it react with oxygen

7. Equations Write word and chemical equations for the following substances burning: • Methane (CH4) • Glucose (C6H12O6) • Hydrogen (H2) • Ethanol (C2H5OH) • Carbon • *Coal (contains carbon, hydrogen and sulphur) – no need for a chemical equation here

8. Hydrocarbons A hydrocarbon is “a substance which contains hydrogen and carbon ONLY”. Which of the following substances are hydrocarbons? • Methane (CH4) • Glucose (C6H12O6) • Hydrogen (H2) • Ethanol (C2H6O) • Carbon

9. Testing for the products of combustion Cobalt chloride paper Lime water

10. Types of combustion • Look at a Bunsen burner and the different types of flame. • There are 2 types of combustion • complete and incomplete

11. Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide water + Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon monoxide water + carbon + Complete combustion Incomplete combustion

12. Carbon Dioxide vs Monoxide

13. Cars and pollution • Cars burn petrol (C8H18) • Petrol sometimes contains sulphur compounds • What products of combustion will come out of the exhaust?

14. Sulphur dioxide • SO2 • Dissolves in rain water to produce acid rain

16. Cars and pollution 2 • Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide also come out the exhausts of cars • They also cause acid rain • Where do they come from?

17. N N O O Nitrogen and Oxygen N2 O2 • A high-energy spark from the engine spark plug allows N2 and O2 to react. • Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2 etc) are produced.

18. Alternative Fuels