Networks II and Word Processing I

1. Networks II and Word Processing I Management Information Systems I Lecture 4 Mr. Greg Vogl Uganda Martyrs University 6 March 2003

2. Overview • Networks II: Technical Details • Local Area Networks • Internet • Electronic Communications • Ergonomics • Word Processing I Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

3. 1A. Local Area Networks • Client-Server vs. Peer-to-Peer • LAN Benefits and Costs • LAN Topologies • LAN Hardware Components • Network Design Questions Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

4. LAN Benefits • Shared resources (hardware, software, data) • Economy of scale: low cost per user/computer • Communication and information exchange • Email, Web browsing, conferencing, scheduling, etc. • Centralised, remote administration • Install, backup, monitor, cleanup, troubleshoot Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

5. LAN Costs • Network hardware • Network OS • Communications software • Network design and development • Administration and maintenance • Training • Security Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

6. Client-Server Networks • Dedicated server computers provide resources • Client computers access server’s resources • Centralised administration and maintenance • Requires highly trained network administrator • Security is strong, user and group-based • Performance depends on server capabilities • Works well for large networks (>10 computers) Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

7. Peer-to-Peer Networks • Each computer acts as both client and server • No server computer or network OS required • Distributed administration and maintenance • Users must act as administrators of their PCs • Security is weak, resource-based • Performance depends on peer workstations • Best for small network of <10 advanced users Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

8. Network Topologies: Star • Each computer is attached to central hub • Easy to add/remove computers • Hub is single point of failure • Most popular for LANs Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

9. Network Topologies: Bus • Each computer attached to the network cable • Cheapest (no hub required) • Difficult to add/remove computers • Difficult to troubleshoot bad connections • Sometimes used for small LANs Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

10. Network Topologies: Ring • Computers connected in a closed loop • Token of data passed around in one direction • Used to connect high-speed networks Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

11. LAN Hardware Components • Computers: two or more, maybe a server • Hub: at least one, with one port per computer • NICs: Network Interface Cards/Adapters • One installed in each computer, connects to hub • Cables: to connect computers • Unshielded twisted pair (UTP), co-axial, fibre optic • Peripherals: to be shared on the network • Printers, scanners, disk drives, modems, etc. Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

12. Network Design Questions • Who are your users? • What are their individual and group goals? • What are their computing/information needs? • What types of uses will the computers have? • What software do they need to use? • What hardware is needed to run the software? • What data traffic is the network likely to have? Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

13. Network Design Questions (cont’d) • Is a dedicated server needed? • What server specifications will be needed? • Is a network operating system needed? • What backup media should be used? • What shared resources should be available? • How should access to resources be restricted? • Other security problems/measures? Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

14. 1B. Internet • WAN Hardware Components • Internet Access • Internet Benefits to Organisations • Electronic Market • E-Commerce, E-Business and EDI Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

15. WAN Hardware Components • Gateway • Connects different types of networks by translating • Bridge • Connects similar networks • Router • Intelligently directs traffic to appropriate networks • Routes data packets through connected LANs/WAN Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

16. Internet Access • Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Organisation with direct Internet connection • Sells Internet connections to businesses/individuals • Providers of online services: AOL, MSN, Prodigy • Internet Café • Pays ISP to connect its LAN to Internet • Allows individuals to use Internet for short periods Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

17. Internet Benefits to Organisations • Connectivity and global reach • Reduced communication costs • Lower transaction costs • Reduced agency costs • Interactivity, flexibility, customization • Accelerated distribution of knowledge Source: Laudon & Laudon, Table 10.2 Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

18. Electronic Market • Exchange of info, products, services, payments using Internet, networks, digital technologies • prices, purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices • Advantages • Reduces inventory overhead costs • Reduces paper handling and output/input • Increases vendor-customer co-operation Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

19. E-Commerce, E-Business and EDI • Electronic Commerce • Buying and selling goods and services electronically • Electronic Business • Organisational management and communication • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • Exchange of business transaction documents between computers of two organisations Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

20. 1C. Electronic Communications • Communications hardware • Communications software • E-mail Attachments • Address book • Distribution lists • Netiquette Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

21. Communications Hardware • Telephones, modems, PBX, voice mail, Facsimile/Fax • Information digitised, transmitted through phone lines • Cellular (mobile) phones, pagers • Wireless communication using radio waves • Videoconferencing • Computers, video cameras, microphones, speakers • Global Positioning System (GPS) • Satellites determine position of devices • Used for tracking and navigation of vehicles, etc. Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

22. Communications Software • Personal Info. Management e.g. MS Outlook • Address book, notes, messages, task lists • Scheduling (calendar, meetings, appointments, etc.) • Groupware e.g. Lotus Notes • Scheduling, e-mail, conferencing, editing, databases • Project Management e.g. MS Project • Planning, scheduling, analysing • Tasks, events, resources, costs • Other e.g. dial-up networking, terminal emulators • Connect to computers/networks, transfer files, run programs Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

23. E-mail Attachments • Used to send documents, pictures, other files • To send attachments • Compose an e-mail message and click Attachments • Browse to locate the file(s) to attach, and confirm • To receive attachments • Open the e-mail message, download attachment • Browse to locate the folder to save it, and confirm • Scan documents for viruses before opening Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

24. Address Book • Used to keep list of e-mail addresses • To add a person to address book • Open a received message • Click button to automatically add name and address • Or manually type name and e-mail address • To use address book • Compose a message • Select addresses for To:/Cc:/Bcc: lines Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

25. Distribution Lists • List of e-mail addresses used to broadcast information to a group; focused purpose/topic • You can use e-mail software to • Subscribe to an existing list and receive messages • Send a message to the list • Create your own list Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

26. Netiquette • Guidelines for electronic text communications • Be brief, clear, to the point • Be professional (proofread, avoid smileys :-) • Be courteous (avoid sarcasm, flaming) • Read frequently, reply promptly, delete rubbish • Make the Subject: line brief, meaningful • Avoid unnecessary e-mails to multiple recipients • Avoid using work e-mail for personal messages • Others? Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

27. 2. Ergonomics • Computer-Related Health Problems • Ergonomic Equipment • Ergonomic Setup • Safe Computing Behaviours Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

28. Computer-Related Health Problems • Cumulative Trama Disorders (CTD) and Repetitive Stress/Strain Injuries (RSI) • Upper body pain (back, neck, arms, wrists, hands) • Permanent/disabling nerve/muscle damage • Vision Disorders • Blurred vision, dry/itchy eyes, headaches • Stress • Impatience, agitation, hostility, irritability Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

29. Ergonomic Equipment • Fully adjustable chair with lower back support • Ergonomic keyboard and pointing device • Speech recognition and synthesis software • High-res., high-refresh, low-radiation monitor • Anti-glare, anti-static monitor shield • Keyboard/mouse tray; monitor stand; document holder • Stretch break software Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

30. Ergonomic Setup • Position of keyboard/mouse/monitor/desk/chair • Forearms and thighs parallel to floor • Back, shins, upper arms perpendicular to floor • Elbows, knees and waist at 90° angle • Eyes level with top of monitor • Temperature, lighting, noise, fresh air • Flexible, adjustable, individualised setup Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

31. Safe Computing Behaviours • Erect, neutral, comfortable posture • Relaxed keyboarding and mousing techniques • Take frequent breaks (at least 5 min. per hour) • Stretching and exercises (esp. upper body) • Vary work activities (not only computing) • Relaxation/stress management programme • General fitness (diet, exercise, etc.) Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

32. 3. Word Processing I • Document Management • Writing • Editing • Formatting • Help Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

33. Document Management • Menu, toolbar buttons, shortcut keys • New document • Opening and recently opened files menu • Closing a document vs. closing Word • Save vs. Save As • Backup and automatic save Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

34. Writing • Numbers, letters, Shift, Caps Lock • Symbols, insert symbol • Word wrap • Paragraphs, spaces, tabs • Thesaurus, dictionary, encyclopedia Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

35. Editing • Delete vs. backspace • Cursor/insertion point; insert vs. overtype mode • Selecting: word, words, paragraph, all • Cut, copy, paste, clear • Find and replace • Undo and redo • Checking spelling and grammar Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

36. Formatting • Fonts: font families, (sans) serif, proportional • Font sizes • Font attributes: bold, italic, underline, shadow • Bulleted and numbered lists • Colours, underlines and other effects Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I

37. Word Help • Contents • Index • Search/answer wizard • Office assistant • Navigation buttons Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I