Sit where you want!

1. Sit where you want!

2. EXPLORATION & COLONIAL AMERICA American History I - Unit 1 Ms. Brown

3. Review • What were joint-stock companies? What was the biggest joint-stock company during the 1600s? • Why was the establishment of Roanoke in 1587 significant/important? • Where and when was the first successful British settlement in North America? • Who is responsible for ensuring the success of the Jamestown settlement? • What was the most important cash crop for Jamestown and other early settlements? • What was the importance of Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676?

4. Review • What were joint-stock companies? What was the biggest joint-stock company during the 1600s? • Companies owned by individual investors who would combine their money in support a colony that would hopefully produce a profit • Biggest = Virginia Company (4/5 owned by investors, 1/5 owned by king) • Why was the establishment of Roanoke in 1587 significant/important? • First British settlement in North America, FAILED! • Where and when was the first successful British settlement in North America? • Jamestown, VA – 1607 • Who is responsible for ensuring the success of the Jamestown settlement? • John Smith • What was the most important cash crop for Jamestown and other early settlements? • Tobacco • What was the importance of Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676? • Brought the King’s attention to controlling the colonies and colonists

5. 1.3 - PURITANS & THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY AH1.H.3.1: Analyze how economic, political, social, military, and religious factors influenced European exploration and American colonial settlement AH1.H.5.1: Summarize how philosophical, ideological, and/or religious views on freedom and equality contributed to the development of American political and economic systems.

6. Puritans • Christians that wanted to eliminate all traces of Catholic rituals and traditions in the Church of England (Anglican Church) • Believed every worshipper should experience God directly through faith, prayer, and study of the Bible… no middle-man (aka the Pope and Bishops) • Very strict interpretation of the Bible • Also called Separatists

7. Pilgrims • A group of Puritans left England to escape religious persecution • Different from Jamestown and other VA settlements that were solely profit-oriented • Funded by the Virginia Company in return for fur, lumber, and fish • Lead by John Winthrop on the Mayflower • Called “Pilgrims” – travelers on a journey to a holy place; the Puritans who left England to establish a new society • 1620 – Landed in Massachusetts (blown off course) → Plymouth • 2nd permanent English settlement in North America

10. Mayflower Compact • set of agreed upon rules that governed the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony • landmark document in American democratic history • “just and equal laws… for the general good the colony.” • Additional laws were implemented by majority vote

11. Massachusetts Bay Colony • More Puritans arrived → Winthrop wanted to establish a new colony nearby. • 1629 – Winthrop obtained a royal charter for a joint-stock company, The Massachusetts Bay Company • Allowed Winthrop to set up independent governments in new colonies • 1630 – Winthrop established Massachusetts Bay Colony • Eventually included Plymouth Colony

13. Puritan Life • Laws criminalized sins such as drunkenness, swearing, theft, and idleness (doing nothing). • Family = VERY important, traveled from England in families (not single men like Jamestown) • Community watched the actions of husbands, wives, and children and stepped in when necessary • Parents who failed to discipline their children enough would have their children placed in more “God-fearing” homes • Husbands and wives who fought would be placed in mandatory counseling, if fighting continued one/both could be placed in the stocks

15. Puritan Life • Longer life spans • Possibly less disease (less swampy than Jamestown) • Family aspect for moral support • No idleness – constant work being done to improve colony • High literacy rates • All children learned to read the Bible • Mandatory church attendance, punishable with fines • The church was sometimes patrolled by a man who held a long pole. On one end was a collection of feathers to tickle the chins of old men who fell asleep. On the other was a hard wooden knob to alert children who giggled or slept.

16. Puritan Life • Patriarchy (male supremacy) • Women banned from town meetings, excluded from church decisions • Sermons preached that hat the soul had two parts, the immortal masculine half, and the mortal feminine half • Common female names - Patience, Silence, Fear, Prudence, Comfort, Hopestill, and Be Fruitful • Intolerant of those with little faith OR of different religions. • There were cases when individuals of differing faiths were hanged in Boston Common • Public shaming was a tool of control • “A” for adultery • Public whippings • Stocks

17. Providence • Roger Williams, Puritan minister in Salem • Believed English settlers had no rightful claim to land unless purchased from natives • Believed in religious tolerance – government should not punish people for their religious beliefs • 1636 – Williams establishes Providence (later the capitol of Rhode Island Colony) • Williams evaded arrest, fled south, negotiated with natives establish a settlement • Guaranteed religious freedom and separation of church and state

18. Portsmouth • Anne Hutchinson • Believed worshippers didn’t need the church or ministers to interpret the Bible for them • “the Holy Spirit enlightens the heart of every true believer” • 1638 – banned from Massachusetts Bay Colony, established Portsmouth • Later formed Rhode Island with Williams’ Providence

19. King Philip’s War • Puritans continued to move further into tribal lands → some natives worked for settlers • No hunting/fishing on Sabbath day (Saturday) • Puritan lifestyle • Chief Metacom (Wampanoag tribe), called King Philip by settlers, organized several tribes together for an attack • 1675 – King Philip’s War – year-long battle between natives and Puritans during which natives attacked and burned many Puritan settlements, Puritans fought back with guns • Natives surrendered due to disease, food shortages (no land for agriculture), heavy casualties • Metacom’s head was displayed Plymouth for 20 years

21. Salem Witch Trials • 1692-93 – Salem, MA (now Danvers) • 150 imprisoned • 19 people hanged • 1 killed during pressing • 4 died in jail • Young girls began having mysterious symptoms • Speaking in tongues • Convulsing/shaking • Tituba (slave from Barbados), Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne accused of witchcraft • Good and Osborne maintained innocence, Tituba claimed more witches in Salem → HYSTERIA • All hanged

22. Salem Witch Trials • Traits of a witch • Singing • Reading • Not conforming to Puritan law • Not getting along with your neighbor • Spending time alone • Writing • Being a woman

23. Salem Witch Trials Steps in Accusation Process/Trial • Accusation of witchcraft • Magistrate (court official) issues warrant for arrest • Custody of accused in jail • “Case” presented to grand jury, testimonies given, “evidence” shown • If indicted by grand jury, trial by jury begins • Prosecution and defense present evidence • Administering of pressing until confession or death • Administering of witch tests • Jury’s verdict • If guilty, death by hanging date set

24. Salem Witch Trials • Options when accused (best first)… • Accuse someone else! • Get pregnant • Confess! Even if innocent. • Plead innocence and await trial • Refuse to stand trial and await consequences

25. Salem Witch Trials • Eventually, a new judge declared “spectral evidence” inadmissible in court • Without actual evidence of witchcraft, accusations and trials stopped

26. Salem Witch Trials – Why? • Teenage boredom and strict Puritan lifestyle • Ergotism • Disease caused by eating infected rye that causes hallucinations, convulsions, strange behavior • General troubles to seem Satan is active • Smallpox • Clashes in the church • Frontier with natives • Tituba’s exaggerations, confessing witches (to save their lives) • Admission of spectral evidence • Economic and personal feuds • The Crucible Summary

27. What does a Puritan look like? • With 3-4 people (your choice!), get a long sheet of white paper. Trace the body of one of your group members on the paper. • Draw the IDEAL Puritan. • Using your knowledge about the Puritan lifestyle, draw the ideal Puritan. • Consider clothes, posture, sex, age, build, accessories, phrases, etc • Due at the end of class for CW grade!