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America and the Good War

America and the Good War. World in Crisis. U.S. Responses to International World. “Good Neighbor” policy: improvement of American and L. American relations. Less interventionist Ambivalent towards actions happening globally

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America and the Good War

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  1. America and the Good War World in Crisis

  2. U.S. Responses to International World • “Good Neighbor” policy: improvement of American and L. American relations. Less interventionist • Ambivalent towards actions happening globally • Gerald Nye: presented information about reasons entering WWI; money • Public actively resisting war

  3. Global Activity • Italy: • Mussolini takes control • Quickly imposes a fascist government • Church still remains • Germany: • Hitler mobilizes Nazi party • First attempt was hostile takeover, jailed • Realizes needs to find another method, Chancellor 1933 • Japan: • Gains control of Manchuria 1931-1932 • Eyes much of China and the Pacific territory

  4. Appeasement • Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles • Territory ambitions target part of Czechoslovakia, Sudetenland • British policy established by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain: Appeasement • Giving in to Hitler's demands, for promise that no more would follow

  5. Extra Curricular Activity • Only American confrontation in early days of tension came in the form of sports • 1936 Olympics in Berlin: Jesse Owens mocks racial superiority, four gold medals • Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling rematch 1938 • Americans cheering, but still not wanting to get involved in war

  6. Roosevelt’s Friendliness • Neutrality Act, demonstration of American fears • With war in Europe, Roosevelt felt compelled to assist • Lend-Lease: “Arsenal of democracy” side stepping around Neutrality Act • War material supplied to British and Soviets

  7. War Waging in Europe • U.S. still struggling with the Depression • Supplying of ammunitions and military vehicles provides a boost • Employment rates on the rise

  8. Day of Infamy • Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor bombed • U.S. in the war now • Hitler makes decision easier for FDR • Immediate changes made to system • Creation of Joint Chiefs of Staff: better communication • Office of Strategic Services: forerunner of CIA

  9. We are In the War Now • Workforce altered; men off to fight • Increase in inflation almost immediately • Gov’t encouraging women to go to work • Ethnic minorities able to experience social mobility to some degree

  10. Social Changes and Tensions • Mainstream values under fire during wartime activity • Challenges to attitudes regarding race and gender • Need forced some tolerance

  11. Minorities and WWII • Hispanic population initially saw more employment opportunities • Braceros: “guest workers” • Increasing numbers of families moving from farms to urban centers • Own neighborhoods and culture developing • Great numbers men and women supporting war effort working in factories • Racial tensions not gone: Zoot Suit Riots

  12. Cont… • NAACP and African American Press pressure FDR • Tuskegee Institute established • Opportunity to debunk racial stereotypes • Segregation still strong • 450 trained pilots flew missions in N. Africa • Destroyed 261 enemy aircraft • Won 850 medals • Provided bomber escorts for 1500 missions

  13. Cont… • Women saw changes at home and abroad • Roles at home changed drastically, single parent and working outside of home • Women’s roles to be noncombatant • WASP: Women Air force Service Pilots

  14. Executive Order 9066 • For the safety of our nation • Japanese families across the West ordered to leave homes and live in camps • Years of anti-Japanese sentiment has an outlet

  15. Service • 300,000 Mexican Americans join armed forces • 1 million African Americans serve; live, work in segregated units • 13,000 Chinese Americans • 33,000 Japanese Americans serve • 25,000 Native Americans enlist • Over 300,000 women

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