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Introduction to Electrical Systems I: A Systems Approach to Electrical Engineering Graphics

This course provides an introduction to the fundamental principles and analysis techniques of electrical circuits, including resistance, inductance, capacitance, AC and DC circuits, and basic electronic devices. The course emphasizes the application of electrical/electronic elements in practical systems.

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Introduction to Electrical Systems I: A Systems Approach to Electrical Engineering Graphics

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  1. EGN 3373 Introduction to Electrical Systems I A Systems Approach to Electrical Engineering Graphics Adapted from “Physical, Earth, and Space Science”, Tom Hsu, cpoScience.

  2. Syllabus & Policies EGN 3373-Section 002 Electrical Systems I Time/Place:MW 12:30-1:45 EDU 115 Pre-requisites: PHY 2049, PHY 2049L (Physics II and Lab) Co-requisites: MAP 2302 (Differential Equations) Textbook: Electrical Engineering: Concepts and Applications, Zekavat; ISBN:1269527045, by Pearson. jCourseCoordinators: Dr. Sylvia ThomasOffice Hours (instructor): TR 11:00 AM – 12:15 PM Office: ENB 368 Telephone:813-974-4011 e-mail: sylvia@usf.edu Course Objectives: To study the fundamental principles and analysis techniques of electrical circuits: resistance, inductance, capacitance, dependent and independent sources, AC and DC circuits, transient and steady state analysis, operation and applications of basic electronic devices.

  3. Syllabus & Policies EGN 3373-Section 002 Electrical Systems I Course Objectives: To study the fundamental principles and analysis techniques of electrical circuits: resistance, inductance, capacitance, dependent and independent sources, AC and DC circuits, transient and steady state analysis, operation and applications of basic electronic devices. Topics: * Systems - * Signals – digital, analog, processing * Circuits – sources, elements, analysis * Electronics – diodes, op amps, transistors * Controls – transfer function, feedback * Electromagnetics – transmission, RF

  4. WHY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (EE) ? • EE is the field of engineering that deals with the study of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetics (by controlling the flow of charges (or charged particles like electrons) and energy (in the form of electromagnetic waves)). • Studying EE will help prepare you as a technical leader for projects, increase your versatility and diversity as an engineer able to apply skills to practical problems, and enhance cross discipline communications. • The two key areas of EE deal with (a) energy/power generation, transmission, and consumption, and (b) information processing, storage, and transmission. • There is essentially no device/system/appliance we use in our daily lives that does not use electricity !!

  5. An EE Systems Approach A conceptual model for electrical engineering design.

  6. A System Every product, application, function, and/or device is comprised of a system. A system is defined as a set of functionally related things, parts, products, organs, elements …..that form a complex whole to carryout specific activities, perform specific tasks, produce a specific output. This course emphasizes how electrical circuits are an integral part of these systems and how electrical/electronic elements can be understood in practical applications.

  7. An EE Systems Approach Aerospace Robotics Cyber Physical Systems “Trans/Multi/Inter-disciplinary by it’s Own Nature” Communications Medical Simulators CPS Cyber Physical Computers Instrumentation & Controls Systems

  8. An EE Systems Approach Communication Systems • Television • Radio • Mobile phones • Internet (wired and wireless) • Satellite systems • And many more…

  9. An EE Systems Approach Computer Systems • Your basic calculator • Your sophisticated calculator ! • Smart phones • Computers • Tablets • E-readers • And many more…

  10. An EE Systems Approach Transmitting Systems • “Specialized cables” designed to carry currents alternating with a frequency such that “wave nature” of the current cannot be ignored. Some common transmission lines (TLs) • Why the need for “specialized cables”? • If frequency is high and the cable is not properly designed, it can radiate like an antenna! • What is the “wave nature” of current? • Voltages and currents vary in magnitude and phase over the length of the TL. • The total voltage and current can be written as a sum of two sinusoidals that look like + and – traveling current/voltage waves. • Waves have voltage to current ratio related to the electromagnetic field distribution of the cable: Characteristic impedance. Example of a cage line (functions like large coaxial cable) used for high power, low frequency applications; antenna feedline for a radio transmitter that operates at 225 kHz (frequency) and 1200 kW (power). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line

  11. An EE Systems Approach Microprocessor Control Systems

  12. An EE Systems Approach Microprocessor Control Systems Program + Data 0010100101001 0100100100111 • What’s a microprocessor? What’s it good for? • The heart/brain of computers • Its job: runs programs • Thermostats • Nuclear missiles • Angry Birds • How do micros work? How do requests (inputs) get turned into results (outputs)? • Datapath and Control • Arithmetic, Storage, Input/Output, Flow control • How do we tell micros what to do? • High-level programming • Binary machine code Computer Microprocessor Output 1010010101000 0100101001010

  13. An EE Systems Approach Digital Systems Replacing Analog 1-bit adder made with logic gates Logic gates made with transistor circuits • Digital systems • Discrete voltages instead of continuous • Simpler to design than analog circuits – can build more sophisticated systems • Digital systems replacing analog predecessors: • i.e., digital cameras, digital television, cell phones, CDs • Quantization: Mapping analog values (3.28 volts and 0.7 volts) to digital values (1’s and 0’s)

  14. An EE Systems Approach Signal Processing Systems • Electrical signals carry information • Such as a recorded voice (Siri is a good example of a signal processing system) • Or a photo you have taken with your smartphone • Or a CT scan image when trying to diagnose disease

  15. An EE Systems Approach Practical Applications of Systems – Similar to sample systems presented in Chapter 1

  16. An EE Systems Approach Cruise Control Systems Physical System Block Diagram & Mathematical Modeling High Level System Modeling

  17. An EE Systems Approach Instrumentation and Controls Modeling of Physical Systems & System Identification Physical System ↔ Transfer Function ↔ Network Synthesis Spring Damper System Analogy

  18. An EE Systems Approach A Simple Radio Communication System Improves error correction in the receiver (fading resistance) Maps digital symbols to analog signals Allows for error detection in the receiver Maps digital bits to symbols Allows for error correction in the receiver Vocoder CRC Coding Forward Error Protection Coding Interleaving Symbol Mapping D/A Pulse shape Filtering &RF Modulation RADIO RECEIVER RADIO CHANNEL RF Out

  19. An EE Systems Approach HPMX-2007 The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw uP/ DSP A A D D Q Data I Data Power Supply Transceiver: Role of a Transmitter Information 2. add data to carrier 3. shift to high frequency Modulator Mixer 0 90 Antenna Baseband Processor Power Amplifier 4. amplify to broadcast Oscillator bias bias 1. create carrier A Simple Radio Communication System

  20. An EE Systems Approach HPMX-2007 The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw uP/ DSP A A D D Q Data I Data Power Supply Transceiver: Role of a Receiver Information 4. discard carrier and recover data 2. shift to lower frequency (cost and/or performance) De-Modulator Baseband Processor Mixer 0 90 Antenna Low Noise Amplifier 1. amplify received signal with min. added noise Oscillator bias bias bias 3. LO for down conversion A Simple Radio Communication System

  21. An EE Systems Approach 3rd. Generation (2000s) 2nd. Generation (1990s) Digital 1st.Generation (1980s) GSM DECT DCS1800 CT2 PDC PHS IS-54 IS-95 IS-136 UP-PCS Analog NMT CT0 TACS CT1 AMPS Cellular Systems IMT-2000 CDMA2000 W-CDMA 4th Generation (2010s) IMT-advanced LTE, 802.16m

  22. An EE Systems Approach Cellular Systems ?

  23. An EE Systems Approach Future System Terminals

  24. An EE Systems Approach Cellular Systems

  25. An EE Systems Approach Everything Wireless in One Device Cellular Systems

  26. An EE Systems Approach EE-6593 Cellular Systems What do you think is one of the key elements of these systems? the Signal Processing

  27. Humans are the most advanced signal processors speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis,… We encounter many types of signals in various applications Electrical signals: voltage, current, magnetic and electric fields,… Mechanical signals: velocity, force, displacement,… Acoustic signals: sound, vibration,… Other signals: pressure, temperature,… Most real-world signals are analog vs. digital They are continuous in time and amplitude Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and transducers Analog circuits process these signals using Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,… Signal Processing

  28. Signal Processing • Processing of such signals includes storage, reconstruction, transmission, separation of information from noise, compression, feature extraction, etc. • Digital signals represent discrete inputs (e.g. logic values 1, 0) and analog signals represent a continuum of inputs. Analog Signal Digital Signal Reference: Zekavat, Chapter 14, Section 14.4

  29. Signal Processing • Signal improvement • Signal acquisitions • Signal compression • Signal feature extraction • Signal synthesis • Signal generation, transmission, and reception • …

  30. Accuracy limitations due to Component tolerances Undesired nonlinearities Limited repeatability due to Changes in environmental conditions Temperature Vibration Sensitivity to electrical noise Limited dynamic range for voltage and currents Inflexibility to changes Difficulty of implementing certain operations Nonlinear operations Time-varying operations Difficulty of storing information Signal Processing Limitations of Analog Signal Processing

  31. digital signal digital signal analog signal A/D DSP D/A analog signal Digital Signal Processing • Represent signals by a sequence of numbers • Analog-to-digital conversions (Sampling + Quantization) • Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor • Digital signal processing • Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers • Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion

  32. Sound applications Compression, enhancement, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation,… Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,… Communication Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation,… Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,… Automotive ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,… Medical Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,… Military Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, remote sensing,… Image and Video Applications DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,… Mechanical Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,… DSP is Everywhere

  33. Digital Signal Processing • Signals of interest include sound, images, radar, biological signals such as ECG, and many others.

  34. A series of trigonometric and arithmetic operations. Series of steps called “algorithms” Digital Processing – a series of instructions to manipulate the digital numbers. Algorithm classes Spectral analysis Digital filtering Coding and compressing data Noise reduction Etc. Digital Signal Processing

  35. Digital Signals for EE Systems • DSP is the analysis, interpretation, and manipulation of signals (in the digital domain). These signals can be represented by codes using two discrete values: – 1’s and 0’s – 1, TRUE, HIGH – 0, FALSE, LOW Digital circuits can use voltage levels to represent 1s and 0s Digital Module: Bits, Binary, & Decimal

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