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Basic Constitutional Principles

This guide explores key constitutional principles shaping the US government, including popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, and judicial review. Learn how these principles ensure that the government is subject to constitutional restraints and operates in accordance with the rule of law. From the meaning of sovereignty to examples of unconstitutional laws, this overview provides a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts underpinning the US Constitution.

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Basic Constitutional Principles

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  1. Basic Constitutional Principles

  2. NOTE… • When you get to the quiz over this – • Essay • Outline

  3. Popular Sovereignty • What does “SOVERIEGNTY” mean? • P.S. – Majority Rules • Citizens have political rights • Citizens agree to be governed • Starts with the 1st three words of the Constitution: • “We the people…”

  4. Limited Government • Gov’t can only do what people “allow” it to do • What “law” is the government subject to? • THE CONSTITUTION • Vocab: “CONSTITUTIONALISM” – gov’t must be conducted according to constitutional principles. • Vocab: “Rule of Law” – gov’t and leaders must be under the law, not above it • Clinton v Jones

  5. Separation of Powers • 3 Branches of Gov’t split the power • 1 Branch can’t take over the Gov’t • All Branches have equal power

  6. Separation of Powers (review)

  7. Checks & Balances • Each Branch of Gov’t is subject to Constitutional restraints by the other Branches

  8. Checks & Balances • Each Branch of Gov’t is subject to Constitutional restraints by the other Branches

  9. Judicial Review • Power of Courts to declare a law (from Congress / President) “UNCONSTITUTIONAL” • Vocab: “Unconstitutional” means that the law goes AGAINST the Constitution • Give me an example of an unconstitutional law… • When a law violates someone’s personal rights it is “unconstitutional” • J.R. gives the Supreme Court its power • This power was established with a single court case – Marbury v Madison

  10. Federalism • Compromise between a STRONG CENTRAL GOV’T and a STRONG STATE GOV’T • Example – A state like Georgia has power, but the national gov’t (Washington DC) has more power • What’s an example of a state power that the national gov’t can’t touch? • Federal Power that State Gov’t can’t touch?

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