1. DOG Daily Oral Geography

2. What is Geography? • Study of where things are on Earth, why they are there, and their relationships to people, things, or other places • Who are geographers? • Study where things are and why • Use THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY to learn about the world

3. FIVE THEMES of GEOGRAPHY1. LOCATION Our position on Earth’s surface Absolute Location: tells exactly where something is located 109 Third Street 49°N, 25°W Relative Location: tells where something is located in relation to a place you already know Five blocks north of the high school Globe: small model of our round-shaped planet Earth Map: flat representation of Earth Latitude + Longitude = grid

4. MAPS • Grids - marked with numbers and letters • Direction • Scale1” = 35 miles 1 cm = 20 km • Keys/Legends - tell what the symbols mean • Title

5. Map Projections Map projections distort landforms

6. Types of Maps Political: shows location of countries, states, and provinces with boundary lines of governments (can change) Physical: location of an area’s physical features - rivers, lakes, mountains, plateaus, valleys, seas (don’t change much)

7. 2. PLACE used to describe the cultural and natural features Physical Characteristics: landforms, vegetation, and climate combine in different ways to give a place unique physical characteristics. Physical characteristics include the following: * Oceans: largest water masses on earth * Pacific Ocean * Atlantic Ocean * Indian Ocean * Arctic Ocean *Seas *Mediterranean Sea *Caribbean Sea *North Sea *Black Sea

8. *Other Bodies of Water *gulfs *lakes *rivers *streams *ponds

9. *Continents: 7 parts of Earth's land mass North America South America Africa Asia Australia Antarctica Europe

10. *Atmosphere: where weather develops *Climate: main kind of weather in an area; affected by distance from the equator; precipitation makes a difference in climate

11. Natural Vegetation Regions • Savannah • Steppe • Tundra • Tropical Rainforests

12. Place: Human Characteristics • Cultural: language, religion, and beliefs define a place’s human character • Helps make you more aware of what makes a place special * Cultural * Natural Language Landscape Clothing Plants Buildings Animal Life Music Climate Foods

13. 3. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • Study to learn how people use Earth’s resources and how that affects geographical systems • Changes and adaption's to surroundings (irrigation, skyscrapers) • There are always advantages and disadvantages to living in an area

14. Decisions People Make to Adapt to the Environment • People depend on the environment • People modify their environment • People adapt to their environment

15. 4. MOVEMENT • How people, ideas, information, and products move around the world • Factors of movement * PUSH FACTORS *PULL FACTORS War Exploration Religion Jobs Freedom Money

16. Geographers understand what effects movement has had on people and the environment • Geographers learn how ideas move

17. 5. REGIONS • Areas that have certain characteristics in common • Geographers divide the world into regions • Used as a theme to make comparisons • A region has natural and cultural features distinct from other places