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Before embarking on an investigation, it's crucial to gather relevant contextual knowledge to enhance your understanding of the situation. By identifying variables of interest, formulating a purpose for your investigation, and predicting potential outcomes, you set a solid foundation for your study. This process involves exploring comparative questions, such as gender differences in texting habits or spending patterns among Year 13 and Year 9 students. Conducting thorough background research and employing the PPDAC cycle ensures that your findings are well-supported and meaningful.
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Inference 3 Integrating informed contextual knowledge
Before you start the investigation, you need to source relevant contextual information which will help you: • Understand the variables (what they are, what is a normal-range, how they may interact …). • Generate a purpose for your choice of variables to investigate (Who would want to know and why?). • Predict what you think you may find, and why.
The hook in could come from: • Press release • Media clip or interview • Advertisement • Pop quiz based on the topic • …..
Some ideas • Do girls text more than boys? • Do Year 13 students spend more at the tuckshop than Year 9 students? • Do Year 13 students do more homework than Year 9 students?
State the purpose of your investigation. • Remember to explain why you are investigating this situation; give a brief background and hypothesis to be investigated. You are expected to do background research to understand the situation. • Identify the variables you wish to investigate. • Pose an appropriate comparison investigative question.
Question • I am interested in investigating whether the average (mean/median) distance driven by males is greater than the average (mean/median) distance driven by females and by how much…. • Level 3 must investigate the “how much”
Distance driven by females in km • Distance driven by males in km • This is not sufficient as we are only interested in drivers in NZ in a particular age group.
Excellence • Can do more comparisons to provide “insight and depth” to your investigation.
Select and use appropriate displays and statistical measures. • Discuss and compare sample distributions
PPDAC Cycle Uses informed contextual knowledge to support explanations and to communicate findings.
Makes statistical inferences. • Communicates findings: • Support (or otherwise) for original hypothesis or conjecture. That is why you need to suggest what you think might happen • Appropriate graphs that relate to findings discussed in conclusion. Relevant • Quantifies summary statistics to support (or otherwise) the conjecture. • Population to which the findings can be generalised. Context • Constraints of the survey within which the findings are valid. Be specific about the data • Alternative explanations. Investigate more than one reason
Excellence • Evaluate all stages of the cycle: • Specify, justify, and relate improvements (contextual or statistical) to the problem
Think about topics: Time spent in paid employment • Do people who work longer hours earn more money?