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By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY Adapted by: Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

English Constitutional Monarchy. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY Adapted by: Mr. Reiner Kolodinski. The Stuart Monarchy. James I [r. 1603-1625]– House of Stuart. Son of Mary, Queen of Scots James I’s speech to the House of Commons:

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By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY Adapted by: Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

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  1. EnglishConstitutionalMonarchy By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY Adapted by: Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

  2. The Stuart Monarchy

  3. James I [r. 1603-1625]– House of Stuart Son of Mary, Queen of Scots James I’s speech to the House of Commons: I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of! Attitude = Divine Right!! Star Chamber courts used instead of Parliamentary courts… justice?

  4. James I [r. 1603-1625] • Strong Anglican • Anti-Puritan • Separatists leave England…Plymouth Pilgrims • Anti-Parliament • Customs Duties imposed ($$) to avoid Parliament • Catholic alliances • Jamestown, VA… • Anti-tobacco

  5. Ship Money Assessments, 1636[per square mile] What could account for the differences in assessments (duties / taxes) for the different regions of the country?

  6. King James Bible, 1611 • English Translation • Royal Influence in language

  7. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] • Anti-Parliament • Tariffs, duties, taxes and quartering troops • Petition of Right • Parliament must approve taxes • No quartering troops • No imprisonment without just cause

  8. Petition of Right, 1628 Nicknamed “The Stuart Magna Carta” Original Magna Carta issued 1215 = Against royal abuse of power Contract between King & Nobles Limited the power of the King Guaranteed Rights… Jury, Due Process Required Parliament’s consent on taxes

  9. Charles I by Van Dyck (1633) The Many Faces of Charles I

  10. Thomas WentworthEarl of Stafford Charles I hired to raise money for the crown Centralized the government Sought new revenue sources Enforced and extended laws Angered Parliament & the people

  11. Archbishop William Laud • Forced religious conformity in Britain • Book of Common Prayer • Puritans & Presbyterians protested • Scots revolt… needs $ • “Short Parliament” • Power of the Purse • Parliament seeks cooperation • Charles dissolves Parliament = “short”

  12. The Long Parliament 1640-1660 Charles I called on Parliament for military funding vs. Scots in rebellion Parliament divided religiously & politically Parliament suspended royal decrees Laud & Wentworth impeached AND executed by Parliament Parliament invaded by Charles I & then passes Military Ordinance… civil war!

  13. Allegiance of Members of the Long Parliament (1640-1660)

  14. English Civil War (1621-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) vs Parliamentarians(Roundheads) • House of Lords • N & W England • Aristocracy • Large landowners • Church officials • More rural, less prosperous • House of Commons • S & E England • Puritans • Merchants • Townspeople • More urban , more prosperous

  15. Oliver Cromwell The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660] • Roundheads prevail after bloody Civil War • Thomas Hobbes – “Leviathan” • Cromwell est. Puritan Republic aka Commonwealth (1649-1653) • Abolished House of Lords, monarchy & official church • Executed Charles I in public • Conquered Scotland & Ireland • Disbanded Parliament 1653

  16. New Model Army Soldier’s Catechism • Puritan Rule or else • Atrocities vs. Irish Catholics • Military rule = martial law • Limited Freedoms

  17. The Public Beheading of Charles I Why is this execution so significant?

  18. Oliver Cromwell The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660] The Protectorate (1654-60) = dictatorship Cromwell is Lord Protector Strict Puritan rule Prohibited theatre, dance, alcohol, etc. Limited rights Religious conformity Ended 1658 @ Cromwell’s death

  19. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] The Restoration • Charm, poise, & political skills • Restored theaters, reopened pubs and brothels • Religious toleration • Secret Catholic sympathies • Avoids father’s mistakes

  20. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] • 1661 “Cavalier” Parliament [filled w/ Royalists] • Disbanded Puritan army + Pardoned Puritan rebels. • Restored authority of the Church of England. • 1662 Clarendon Code [Act of Uniformity] • Anglican religious conformity = All had to use the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. • Forbade “non-conformists” to worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend English universities… Catholics, Presbyterians, Jews

  21. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] • Restoration colonies in America = N+S Carolina • 1673 Test Act • Non-Anglicans excluded from civilian / military positions.[Puritans = “radicals” / Catholics = “traitors!”] • 1679 Habeas Corpus Act • Govt. must explain why I am in prison = Writ of Habeus Corpus

  22. Charles II’s Foreign Policy Second Anglo-Dutch War 1665 – 1667 • Charles II + Louis XIV = ideal ally vs. the Dutch… Catholic sympathies, $$ • 1670  Treaty of Dover = E + F vs. Dutch • Declaration of Indulgence rescinds Clarendon Code (?)

  23. The Popish Plot 1678 Titus Oates swore RCs were plotting Charles II assassination Parliament believed…Hysteria… innocents died… plot was a lie Oates condemned & humiliated

  24. King James II [r. 1685-1688] • Bigoted convert to Catholicism • Stubborn, no compromise. • Alienated all • Provoked a revolution

  25. King James II [r. 1685-1688]…seriously? • Put Catholics in charge of both army and navy • Kept a Standing Army near London • Catholic advisors • AttackedAnglican university control • Claimed power to suspend / dispense Acts of Parliament. • 1687  Declaration of Liberty of Conscience • Extended religious toleration w/out Parliament’s approval or support.

  26. “Glorious” Revolution: 1688 • Whig & Tory leaders offered joint throne to Mary [Protestant] & husband, William of Orange. • She was James II daughter • He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV. • He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.

  27. But 1st… English Bill of Rights [1689] • Constitutional Monarchy • Settled issues between King & Parliament • Model for future US Bill of Rights. • Basis for steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England

  28. English Bill of Rights [1689] • Main provisions: • King cannot suspend the operation of laws. • King cannot interfere with the ordinary course of justice. • No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. • Freedom of speech in Parliament. • Frequent sessions of Parliament. • Subjects had rights of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. • Monarch must be a Protestant. • Freedom from arbitrary arrest. • No censorship of the press. • Religious toleration.

  29. Age of Walpole • House of Hanover rules Engl. • Act of Settlement 1701 orderly shift in power if K/Q are childless • King George I becomes king 1714 b/c Queen Anne childless • Robert Walpole = PM • England flourished under Walpole • Maintained peace, increased trade

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