Dr. Velizar Shalamanov - Director Strategic Studies The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria

1. The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria Conference 4-5 April 2006Civil Security as a tool for Transformation and Alliance Cohesion - Opportunity for Bulgarian Contribution in SEE/GBSA Dr. Velizar Shalamanov - Director Strategic Studies The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria This publication is supported by NATO’s Scientific Division in the framework of Science for Peace Program - Project SFP-981149 (2005-2007)

2. Security Environment • Types of crisis we face: • Disasters / Catastrophes • Public Order / Security • Military / paramilitary operations – expeditionary ops • Threatened interests abroad • Terrorism and organized crime / trafficking Prevention / Reaction / Consequence management

3. Crisis Management – New Scope of: • risks activated to form the situation • development of the situation • citizens involved / impacted • involved institutions (local, district, national, regional, global) • required resources as quality and quantity • legal norms activated • cooperation on the ground Need for Alliance Cohesion Need for Change and US Responsibility Importance of Unity and Diversity

4. Civil Security Concept–Citizen(s) and its Living Environment in the Center • Third Pillar of the Security Sector: Civil Security Organization • Third Factor in SSR: Civil Society for Civil Security • Balance between: • central power and local powers • public and private component • state component and volunteer components • Civil Security Organization and MoD / MoI, other traditional security sector services • Level of international cooperation Building of Integrated Security Sector through Third Generation SSR White paper on Civil Security in Bulgaria presented in 2004 Concept for Protection of Population and National Economy as Civil Security Concept is supported in 2005/2006

5. Third Generation of SSR: Integrated Security Sector (ISS) focused on Civil Security • Functional Challenge – dividing responsibilities • Structural Challenge – dividing organization • Operational Challenge – leading / support organization for different operations • Capabilities Challenge – ownership of critical capabilities • Legal Challenges – new legislation • C2 System Issue (NCO – network centric ops, NEC – network enabled capabilities) – integrated emergency management system (IEMS) • Program Management Challenge – for capabilities, for early warning, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery • Resource Management Challenge for Effect (Result) Based Operation of Integrated Security Sector

6. General challenges to ISS • Civil Control Issue: Parliamentarian control of resources, operations, personnel policy • International Cooperation Issue (SEE, BSCR / GBSA, NATO/PfP, EU, OSCE) – Code of Conduct and Cooperation on Emergency Management • Change Management Issue (Transformation) of the security sector to address new missions and for regional cooperation

7. Center of Excellence in Operational Analyses – NATO SfP 981149 • Integrated studies for Concept Development and Scenario Development • Integrated Studies for Architecture Development • Integrated Studies for Command and Control in Civil Security Area • Integrated Studies for Experimentation through CAX and Civil Security Knowledge Management

8. Governance / Costumers Parliament President Government Where is the CoE-ОА situated among other organizations? Security Council Costumers MoI MoD Civil Protection Other Agencies CoE-OA for Change Management Universities Institutes of BAS Defense Industry Other Industries Back office Implementation / Competition

9. EU TACOM SEE-2006 as a Case Study on Civil Security Driven SST • Terrorist attack – disasters / catastrophes consequence management • New Emergency management (Civil Security Ministry) and its cooperation with MoD, MoI and other agencies for integrated response • SEE Regional Cooperation and EU MIC, NATO EADRCC • Bul Protection 2006, EU CME 06, NATO CMX 06 exercises integration • Extension to GBSA and integration in PfP/EAPC and EU Neighborhood Policy

10. CoE-OA support to JTSAC(NATO SfP => EU FWP7) • Concept development / scenario development • Architecture development • CAX for experimentation, training, knowledge acquisition • Change management • Knowledge management and education

11. Regional (SEE/GBSA) Training, Simulation and Analysis Center on Civil Security • Step to Civil Security Coordination Center for GBSA • Research in the Area of Civil Security and Concept Development • Training, including ADL and CAX / Simulations for Experimentation • Analysis and LL from Exercises • Certification of personnel and teams • Integration between MoDs, MoIs and Civil Protection Services (Emergency Management Ministries) using Academic Environment • Joint venture – Administration / NGO, Universities, Academia Institutes; Regional players / NATO, EU, US

12. Transformation and Alliance Cohesion: American Responsibilities, the Importance of Unity and Diversity • NATO-ACT • NATO Science Committee • RTO, NIAG • CoE in Civil Security from ACT Transformation Network • NC3A • US responsibilities • Initiative and leadership in Civil Security as it was with Airspace Initiative and SEEDM for SEE/GBSA • BSI-2004 is a good example and Bulgarian contribution is expected … • Unity • Coordination between NATO, EU, US, OSCE, UN, BSEC, SEEDM, … • Diversity • Contribution from all nations with specific added value • Bulgarian contribution in Civil Security / Emergency Management and Post-Conflict Reconstruction/

13. Management Challenge • Management of Research Organizations (NATO SfP 981149 CoE-OA case) • Management of Research Projects (EU TACOM SEE-2006 CAX case) • Integration of NATO, EU, US/other bilateral or Regional and National Funding (host organization accounting system case) • Crucial role of PPP and involvement of NGO and Academic Institutions (openness of administration) Example: Role of SSR Coalition in Definition of NATO integration vision and Bu-US Strategic Partnership Vision / NATO, EU and other projects

14. Conclusions • Education for Change Management – key instrument for change management (link with PfP Consortium and Education for Reform Initiative) • Role of Alliance Transformation and Cohesion around CS Concept: responsibility of US • Integration of efforts of NATO, EU, US and strengthening of OSCE and BSEC capacity in Civil Security: role of unity • Bulgarian contribution to the security in SEE/GBSA through Regional JTSAC-CS: role of diversity NEED FOR NATO-COUNTRY TRANSFORMATION STUDY – at least for 10 new members in order to identify adequate Transformation Agenda for each Nation