Multimodal MRI Analysis of White Matter Degeneration

1. Multimodal MRI Analysis of White Matter Degeneration Wang Zhan, Ph.D. Tel: 415-221-4810x2454, Email: Wang.Zhan@ucsf.edu Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases UCSF / Radiology / VA Medical Center 01/08/2007 Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

2. Technical Issues for Multimodal Analysis • Different image resolutions • Different geometric distortions • Different imaging mechanisms (contrasts) • Different signal variations • Different signal linearity • Different noise levels • Different noise distributions

3. Traditional Imaging: (FLAIR, T2W, T1W, PD) Aging Multiple sclerosis Dementia (AD/MCI/FTD/SIVD) Depression Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Celiac disease Hypertension Diabetes Stroke AIDS Cancer Brain injury Diffusion Tensor Imaging: (FA, MD,Tractography) Aging Multiple sclerosis Dementia (AD/MCI/FTD/SIVD) Depression Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Celiac disease Stroke AIDS Cancer Brain injury MRI Modalities on WM Degeneration Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

4. Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Parameters at 4T: TR = 6000 (ms) TE = 355 (ms) TI = 2030 (ms) E. Mark Haacke, et al., “Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design”, 1999, Springer Verlag Zhi-Pei Liang, Paul C. Lauterbur, “Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Signal Processing Perspective”, 2004, IEEE Ref: http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

5. FLAIR T1W PD T2W CSF Gray Matter White Matter WM Lesion Traditional MRI Contrasts Krishnan et al., 2005, Duke Silvio Conte Center Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

6. X Z Y Diffusion ‘Sphere’ Diffusion in 3-D: Homogeneous Medium Water in a Homogeneous Medium Water Motion

7. X Z Y Diffusion ‘Ellipse’ Diffusion in 3-D: White Matter Water in an Oriented Tissue Water Motion

8. MD FA FA B0 Diffusion Tensor Imaging WMH Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

9. S1 S2 S3 Sn Group Analysis of Correlations (DTI ↔ FLAIR) DTI FLAIR Mean DTI Mean WML Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

10. FA↔WML MD↔WML MD↔WML a c b WMH Mean FA Mean FA Correlations (DTI ↔WML Volume) Subjects: N=47 (F=26), Age=77±6, MMSE=27.3±3.3, WML=11±16 (ml) Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

11. EPI Read Out Phase Encoding ? Effects of Image Misregistration? DTI / T1 Template Correlation / WML Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

12. Pure CSF Normal WM Lesion Progression MPRAGE (T1 Dark) 1H Dens (WMH) T2W (WMH) DTI (FA/MD) FLAIR (WMH) Modeling for WM Degeneration Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

13. CSF WM Two-Compartment Model of Relaxation (T1/T2) (T1/T2) Lesion Progression: f = 0 ~ 1 Relaxation Times: Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

14. Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Parameters at 4T:TR = 6000 (ms) TE = 355 (ms) TI = 2030 (ms) WMH Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

15. Multimodal Contrasts for WML Progression Noise-Contaminated Noise-Free Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

16. CSF WM Two-Compartment Model of Diffusion (DCSF) (DWM) Lesion Progression: f = 0 ~ 1 Slow exchange: Fast exchange: Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

17. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (Slow-Exchange) Noise free SNR = 80 Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

18. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (Fast-Exchange) Noise free SNR = 80 Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

19. DTI (FA) ↔ WML (FLAIR) Correlations SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2 Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

20. DTI (MD) ↔ WML (FLAIR) Correlations SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2 Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

21. DTI (FA) ↔ T1 Dark (MPARGE) Correlations SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2 Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

22. FLAIR Phantom Simulations (N=20) Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

23. FA↔WML MD↔WML MD↔WML a c b WMH Mean FA Mean FA Correlations (DTI ↔WML Volume) Subjects: N=47 (F=26), Age=77±6, MMSE=27.3±3.3, WML=11±16 (ml) Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

24. Summaries • Multimodal MRI analysis with both FLAIR and DTI may provide extra information for characterizing WM degeneration process, which may not be captured by using either of them of alone. • Special technical issues should addressed properly for multimodal analysis, including image registration, signal nonlinearity, and noise effects, etc. • In traditional modalities, FLAIR shows a significant signal nonlinearity to the WM degeneration. FLAIR signal reaches its maximum around lesion severity of 0.7. • In DTI modalities, signal sensitivity and nonlinearity depend on the b value of diffusion weighting and the water exchange rate of issue compartments. Moreover, image noises may have heterogeneous effects on different DTI indices and lesion severities. • The correlations between FLAIR and DTI may change signs when come across the minimum magnitude of correlation at the maximum WML intensity.

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