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Infectious Diseases of the Skin

Infectious Diseases of the Skin. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology. Anatomy of the Normal Skin. Anatomy of Normal Skin. The skin is the largest organ covering the entire body. Functions of the skin is to protect the body against heat, light, and infection. The skin consist of 3 layers:

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Infectious Diseases of the Skin

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  1. Infectious Diseases of the Skin CLS 212: Medical Microbiology

  2. Anatomy of the Normal Skin

  3. Anatomy of Normal Skin • The skin is the largest organ covering the entire body. • Functions of the skin is to protect the body against heat, light, and infection. • The skin consist of 3 layers: • Epidermis: one part is the stratum corneum, contains the protein Keratin and skin pigment (melanin). • Dermis: contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, hair follicles, and sweat and oil glands. • Subcutaneous: contain lipid tissue that keeps the heat of the body.

  4. Infectious Diseases of the Skin Fungi Candida spp. Tinea spp. (Dermatophytes) Piedrahortae(Black Piedra) Parasites Lice Scabies (mite) Hook worm Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococci pyogenes(Group A) Propionibacterium acnes. Clostridium spp. Viruses Herpes viruses (HSV-1 & HSV-2) Varicella-zoster virus Measles virus Rubella virus

  5. Skin Diseases Caused by BacteriaStaphylococcus aureus • It can cause a variety of skin diseases. • Hair Follicle Infection. B) Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS).

  6. Skin Diseases Caused by BacteriaStaphylococcus aureus Hair Follicle Infection : • S.aureus is basically involved in all hair follicle infections. • The infection originate in hair follicles commonly clear up without treatment. • However in rare cases they progress into sever or even life-threatening disease.

  7. Skin Diseases Caused by BacteriaStaphylococcus aureus • Hair Follicle Infection: • Folliculitis: It start with a small red bump or pimple at the site of hair follicle. • Furuncle: It extend to adjacent tissues and cause localized redness, swelling and pain. It might drain pus. • Carbuncle: is a large area of redness swelling and pain punctuated by several sites of draining pus.

  8. Skin Diseases Caused by BacteriaStaphylococcus aureus B) Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS). • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, is a potentially fatal toxin mediated disease that occurs mainly in infants. • The skin appears to be scalded. • Although scalded skin syndrome can be fatal, prompt therapy usually leads to full recovery.

  9. Bacterial Skin Disease

  10. Skin Diseases Caused by VirusesHuman Papillomaviruses (HPV) Disease: Warts. Although warts themselves are invariably benign, papilloviruses have been associated with increased frequency of cervical and skin cancers, so removal of warts is usually recommended.Very common.

  11. Skin Diseases Caused by VirusesVericella-zoster virus (VZV) from Herpesviridae family. Disease: Chickenpox. • Chickenpox is transmitted by air-route, and the infection is localized in the skin. Most common in children. • After recovery, the virus remains dormant in the nervous system. • However, in old people it may become reactivated, causing shingles. Shingles is an infection of a nerve and the area of skin around it. Vaccine: A safe attenuated vaccine is valuable. • The administration of the vaccine since 1995 has markedly decreased the chance of developing shingles.

  12. Skin Diseases Caused by VirusesMeasles (=Rubeola Virus) Disease:Measles (=Rubeola): • Highly communicable viral disease. • It starts with fever, runny nose , cough and after few days a fine red rash appears . • Generally disappear in about 1 weak unless complications occur. • Complications can be serious. Vaccine:MMR-Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine • is wide spread since the 1960’s (MMR), • Given to 18 month babies. • at present less than 100 cases are reported per year.

  13. Skin Diseases Caused by VirusesRubella virus • Disease: German measles (=Rubella). • Rubella infection in both children and adults is usually mild, infection starts with facial red rash then goes to the whole body. Infection will take about 3 days. • Infection of a woman during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), with a high incidence of fetal damage. • Vaccine:MMR-Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine.

  14. Skin Diseases Caused by ParasiteLice • Head Lice: (Pediculushumanuscapitis) • Symptoms: include itching of the scalp, neck, and behind ears. • Most common in children. • Transmission: direct head-to-head contact or sharing hair stuff. • Body Lice: (Pediculushumanuscorporis) • Symptoms: itching, bite marks on the body. • Most common in communities dealing with poverty, overcrowding, and poor personal hygiene. • Transmission: body lice live in clothing and affect the body. • Pubic Lice: (Pthirus pubis) • Symptoms: itching of the pubic area, Bluish colored sore. • Transmission: direct sexual contact. Not spread by toilet seats.

  15. Body Louse

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