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The Impact of Roman Invasions and Anglo-Saxon Settlements on Celtic Britain

This overview explores key historical events from the Roman invasion of Britain around 43 BCE to the widespread Anglo-Saxon settlement by the end of the 6th century. The timeline highlights significant occurrences such as Boudica's revolt, the construction of Hadrian’s Wall, and the challenges faced by the Celts following the Roman withdrawal around 410 CE. As Germanic tribes invaded, the Celtic peoples struggled to maintain their territory. The arrival of Christianity with St. Augustine marked a new chapter amidst these turbulent changes, shaping Britain's cultural landscape.

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The Impact of Roman Invasions and Anglo-Saxon Settlements on Celtic Britain

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Some History Facts from Mists

  2. Historical Evidence: Rome • Rome invades Britain in about 43 BCE • Rome deserts Britain around 420 CE • With Rome in Britain • Celts were protected from invaders • Relative peace, stability, technological improvements

  3. Historical Evidence: Rome • Without Rome Celts needed to replace • civic administration • military administration • military personnel • technological maintenance

  4. Quick Timeline • 43 Rome invades • 60/61 Boudica revolts • 122 Hadrian’s wall begun • 364 Picts, Saxons, Scots, and Atacotti raise hell • 401/402 Roman troops withdrawn • 408-410 Saxons raid • 410 Visigoths sack Rome; Honorius tells Britons to defend themselves

  5. At Same Time • Patrick active in Ireland • Vortigern (high king?) invites Saxons to defend against northern invaders • begins strife with Germanic peoples • Ambrosius Aurelianus fights against Saxons

  6. Historical Evidence: Germanic Tribes • 449: Anglos, Saxons, and Jutes begin invasions • Tribes from Northern Europe • Germanic • Originally raiders • Eventually settled • Devastated Celticpeoples

  7. Historic Events: Northern Invasions • Germans weren’t only problem • Irish tribe from North • Scots • Conquered • Scotland as well

  8. Celtic British Response • Seem to have elected supreme ruler in time of war • High king • rex bellorum • literally, king of war • Vortigern (ca 425-450) • Caused major problems

  9. Vortigern • High king • Threatened from North • Scots • Picts • Hired Saxon and Jute Mercenaries • Led by Hengist & Horsa • Payment: lands to settle (447ish) • Germans stayed

  10. Anglo-Saxons • Initially settled on coasts • Rebelled against Britons (~442) • Expanded holdings • Drove Celts into Wales, Cornwall, Ireland, Brittany (NW France) • 449 more invasions from continent • Joined with resident Anglo-Saxons

  11. Anglo-Saxons • Celts fought back • Launched campaign against Anglo-Saxons • ~500: Celtic victory at Mt. Badon • 540: De Excidio Britanniae (The Fall of Britain) • Gildas • Laments fall of Britain to Anglo-Saxons

  12. Anglo-Saxon Dominance • By end of 6th Century • Anglo-Saxons dominated Britain • Pushed Celts to • Wales • Cornwall • Brittany • Ireland • Scotland • 597: Gregory the Great sends St. Augustine to Christianize Anglo-Saxons

  13. Anglo-Saxons & Celts

  14. Excalibur • Fabled sword of Arthur • Cover of Mists • anything wrong with this? • This type of sword didn’t exist in the 6th century world

  15. Excalibur Typical Medieval Swords

  16. Excalibur Viking Sword Celtic Sword

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