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Hearing, Ears, and Audiology

Hearing, Ears, and Audiology. Where Does Sound Come From?. A vibration creates a wave Travels through liquids, solids, and gases Frequency = Pitch Bass to treble Amplitude = Loudness/ Volume. Outer Ear. Pinna/Outer Ear Funnels sound waves into the ear canal External Ear Canal

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Hearing, Ears, and Audiology

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  1. Hearing, Ears, and Audiology

  2. Where Does Sound Come From? • A vibration creates a wave • Travels through liquids, solids, and gases • Frequency = Pitch • Bass to treble • Amplitude = Loudness/ Volume

  3. Outer Ear • Pinna/Outer Ear • Funnels sound waves into the ear canal • External Ear Canal • Leads from pinna to eardrum • Produces ear wax to keep the ear clean • Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) • Thin piece of skin • Vibrates when sound reaches it, like a drum

  4. POLL #1 • What is the safest way to keep your ears clean? • Cotton swab • Bleach • Ear candle • Soap and water

  5. What’s in My Ear? Earwax Fungal Spores Healthy Eardrum Tubes For Ear Infections Herb

  6. Middle Ear • Ossicles - the smallest bones in the body • Malleus • Transmits sound from eardrum to incus • Incus • Transmits sound from malleus to stapes • Stapes • Transmits sound from incus to inner ear • Eustachian Tube • Connects middle ear to the back of the throat to equalize pressure • When ears “pop,” it’s the eustachian tube opening

  7. What Can You Learn from an Eardrum? Other Ear Disease Healthy Eardrum Hole in the Eardrum Fluid Behind the Eardrum, May Be Infection

  8. Poll #2 • Which of the following is not the name of a bone found in the middle ear? • Malleus • Incus • Screwdriver • Stapes

  9. Inner Ear • Cochlea: Organ of Hearing • Snail-shaped and lined with tiny hair cells that pick up sounds • Hair cells in different parts respond to different pitches • More hair cells respond to sounds that are louder • Vestibulocochlear Nerve • Sends coded signals to the brain based on auditory or balance inputs • Vestibular System • More on that later

  10. The Cochlea

  11. Poll #3 • Raise your hand for everything that is linked to damaged hair cells • Smoking • Listening to loud music every day • Flying in an airplane • A single firework explosion • Eating a low-carb diet • Medications • Fewer than 30 minutes of exercise today • Ear piercing • Sun exposure • Head injury • Measles

  12. Central Auditory System • Auditory Nerve • Transmits sound to the brain • Brainstem • Breaks sound into pitch, loudness, and timing • Temporal Lobe/Auditory Cortex • Processes parts and pieces of sound • Assigns meaning to sounds

  13. Poll #4 • Music and speech are processed in the same part of the brain. True or False?

  14. Balance System in the Inner Ear • Semicircular Canals • Fluid filled tubes that detect head movement • Three tubes detect 3-D movement • Otolith Organs • Filled with crystals • Detect gravity, tilt, and forward/backward motion

  15. Poll #5 • Which of the following is not a part of the balance system? • The nose • The brain • The ears • The eyes

  16. Audiology and Audiologists

  17. What is An Audiologist? Audiologists are doctoral-level health-care professionals who evaluate, diagnose, treat, and manage hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance disorders across all ages.

  18. Where Does an Audiologist Work? • Audiologists Are Everywhere!! • Hospitals • Schools • Private Practices • Military and Government Agencies • Colleges and Universities • Ear, Nose, and Throat Physician Offices • Hearing Health-Care Manufacturing Companies

  19. Poll #6 • Which of the following is true about hearing loss? • Hearing loss only affects people who are age 64+ • 2 or 3 in every 1000 children is born with hearing loss • Most cases of permanent hearing loss are caused by ear infection • Hearing loss always begins suddenly

  20. Who Does an Audiologist Work With? • Audiologists Work With Everyone! • Infants • Children • Young adults • Mature Adults

  21. What Kind of Schooling Does an Audiologist Need? • High School Diploma • Bachelor’s Degree • Graduate Degree • Clinical Doctorate • ~90 credit hours • Thesis and/or comprehensive exams • Clinic hours completed under observation • 4th year full-time externship

  22. What Does an Audiologist Do? • Treat hearing loss caused by • Aging • Noise exposure • Illness or infection • Ototoxic medications • Genetic disorders • Unknown reasons • Prescribe & manage hearing technology • Hearing aids • Cochlear implants • Bone Anchored amplification • Evaluate balance disorders • Dizziness • Vertigo • Imbalance • Remove earwax or foreign bodies • Using extraction tools, suction, and water • Counsel

  23. Poll #7 • Which of the following has never been used in hearing health care? B A C D

  24. What is the Job Market Outlook for an Audiologist? • Positive employment outlook • Estimated 21% growth in the next 7 years • Faster than average career • Average salary: $75,920 a year • $36.50 an hour • Top 10% earned more than $117,910 per year https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/audiologists.htm

  25. How Do I Protect My Ears and Hearing? http://turnittotheleft.org/TITTL_section2.mp3

  26. Activity Time!

  27. ActivityTime! What are other loud things aren’t listed here? Balloon pop

  28. Why Do I Care if It’s Too Loud? • Noise Exposure Over Time May Lead To: • Increased risk of hearing loss, which may: • Interrupt communication • Lead to social isolation • Lead to depression • Be permanent • Be treated with hearing aids or surgery • Increased risk of tinnitus, which may: • Interfere with concentration • Interfere with sleep • Be annoying • Be permanent

  29. https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/shareable-images-and-downloads?f%5B0%5D=field_language_vocabulary%3A246https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/shareable-images-and-downloads?f%5B0%5D=field_language_vocabulary%3A246

  30. Activity Time: How to Put in Earplugs Properly! https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/shareable-images-and-downloads?f%5B0%5D=field_language_vocabulary%3A246

  31. Activity Time: NIOSH Sound Level Meter • Turn to the person next to you and start chatting. How loud is the room? • Shout to your favorite person across the room. How loud is the room? • Make a lot of noise by pulling out your books, backpacks, chairs, etc. How loud is the room? • Special bonus: measure your gym, cafeteria, and other areas of your school! https://apps.apple.com/us/app/niosh-sound-level-meter/id1096545820

  32. Do You Have a Job? • Hearing loss is the most common work-related illness in the USA • The NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit for occupational noise exposure is 85 decibels, over an 8-hour period. • What are some loud things at your workplace? • What are some chemicals that may be harmful to your hearing? Balloon pop https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/default.html

  33. Occupation Safety & Health Administration (OSHA): 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure • Employers • Required to provide hearing protection in excess noise • Employees required to wear hearing protection • Provide hearing conservation and monitoring programs if warranted https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95

  34. Extra Audiology Fun! • Dangerous Decibels Virtual Exhibit • Noisy Planet: All About Noise Crossword Puzzle • Noisy Planet: Musicians and Hearing Loss • Noisy Planet: Protect Your Hearing Infographic • Noisy Planet: Sounds and Their Effect on Hearing • Noisy Planet: Test Your Noise Knowledge • Noisy Planet: Tips to Protect Your Hearing

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