Integration of Clover Detector with ADDBACK Method for Gamma Ray Detection

1. Integration of a Clover Detector with the necessary electronics and computer program to utilize the ADDBACK method An SP496 and Capstone Research Project Midshipman First Class Jack Hathaway Advised by Assistant Professor Daryl Hartley, Ph.D.

2. Co60 Emitted Beta Particle Unstable Co60 Beta Decay Unstable Ni60 1173 γ-ray Energy Emitted Gamma rays 1332 γ-ray Stable Ni60 Time

3. So how do we ‘see’ all of this happening? What kind of detector do we need?

4. When my advisor was a student… Bell bottoms were cool… The Beetles first appeared on stage… …and nuclear physicists used Sodium Iodide (NaI) Detectors…

5. High Density = Great Efficiency Poor Energy Resolution from detection system

6. While I was busy watching Transformers… Nuclear physicists developed Germanium (Ge) Crystal Detectors…

7. Low Density = Low Efficiency Great Energy Resolution from detection system

8. Can we have the best of both? Low Density = Low Efficiency Great Energy Resolution from detection system High efficiency and good resolution?

9. Clover detector An array of four Germanium Crystals, physically and electronically independent

10. 25 cm Clover Detector Source Location

11. Anode Cathode

12. The Basic Electronics: Spec Amp ADC KMAX Program Crystal 1 Crystal 2 Number Of Counts The KMAX program displayed 5 counts, but there were only 3 Events…. Were there 5 gamma rays or only 3? Number Of Counts Channel Number Channel Number Crystal 3 Crystal 4 Number Of Counts Number Of Counts Channel Number Channel Number

13. Mission: Utilize the Clover Detector as an array rather than four single detectors to give the researcher the best data possible Solution: Integrate the Clover Detector into the necessary electronics and create a computer program to utilize the ADDBACK Method

14. What is ADDBACK? Addback Flash created by Dave Campbell, Florida State University

15. Coding ADDBACK Computer Input Step 1: Define an event Event 1 Each event corresponds to a single gamma ray interacting with the detector. One Gamma ray = One Event = One Coincidence Window

16. Step 2:Creating an electronic Coincidence Window Output group 1 Spec Amp Fast Amp Logic ‘OR’ Gate Gate Delay Generator Output group 2 Output to Computer Analog to Digital Converter ADC Gate 1 2 3 4 Inputs

17. Step 3:Applying calibrations Crystal 1 Counts Channel Number Energy Crystal 2 Counts Channel Number Energy Crystal 3 Counts Channel Number Energy Crystal 4 Counts Channel Number Energy

18. Step 4:Executing ADDBACK ADDBACK = 1332 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1332 0 + 0 + 1173 + 0 = 1173 0 + 746 + 0 + 251 = 997 560 + 0 + 412 + 201 = 1173 Totals ADDBACK Separate Crystals Peak to Background 3:1 ratio (actual 25%) 2:5 ratio (actual 14%)

19. Results

20. Results Future Goals - Longer Runs - Proton Resonance - Polarization

21. Acknowledgements Advisor: Assistant Professor Daryl Hartley, Ph.D. Witty quips and technical advice: Professor Jeff Vanhoy, Ph.D. Stunts and Modeling: MIDN 1/C Drew Barker, roommate

23. Scratch-work slide 125 250 400 650 Background Detector pictures? Clover Picture

24. The Basics: Coding ADDBACK Event 3 Event 2 Event 1 Spec Amp ADC KMAX Program Crystal 1 Crystal 2 Number Of Counts The KMAX program displayed 5 counts, but there were only 3 Events…. Were there 5 gamma rays or only 3? Number Of Counts 1 Count 2 Counts 1 Count Channel Number Channel Number Crystal 3 Crystal 4 Number Of Counts Number Of Counts 1 Count 1 Count Channel Number Channel Number

25. Double outputs, same signal from each crystal Pre-Amp Interior to the Clover Detector

26. What is a Coincidence Window? 32 microseconds Ekg thingermabober of science! Gate Delay Generator ADC Gate Input Output

27. Question slide on the PMT NaI detectors