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Confederation

Confederation. The Road to the Canadian federation. Key Definitions. Confederation = the joining of the British North American Colonies to form Canada in 1867.

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Confederation

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  1. Confederation The Road to the Canadian federation

  2. Key Definitions • Confederation = the joining of the British North American Colonies to form Canada in 1867. • Federal System = Government system with multiple levels (ex: Federal, Provincial, Municipal). Each level has certain responsibilities.

  3. The British had a number of colonies in North America pre-1867: • British Columbia • Province of • Canada • Newfoundland • Nova Scotia • New Brunswick • Prince Edward • Island

  4. Three Main Reasons for Confederation • Economic – Trade with the USA had lessened after the Reciprocity Treaty was cancelled and the colonial governments had large debts. → By uniting as a country they were hoping to increase trade.

  5. Defense: There was talk of “Manifest Destiny” in the USA. Some American politicians felt the entire North American continent belonged to them. → By uniting as a country the hope was that Canada could better defend itself. Fenian threat as well

  6. Analyze the picture: • Who does the angel-like figure represent? • What do you notice about the lighting in the picture? 1872 painting by John Gast showing America moving westward

  7. Political Deadlock: The government of the Province of Canada was unstable and had 10 governments in 10 years. The parties were divided over many issues including taxation and language. → By uniting within a federal system, the deadlock could be solved. The central government and provincial government would divide responsibilities.

  8. Steps to Confederation

  9. Painting of Fathers of Confederation at the London Conference

  10. Canada is Born! • The British North America Act (BNA Act) came into effect July 1, 1867

  11. The capital city would be in Ottawa • The four original provinces were New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario

  12. The first Prime Minister elected was John A. Macdonald His political ally George Etienne Cartier

  13. Federal Powers • Criminal Law • Money & Banking • Defence • Native affairs • Transportation • Citizenship • Postal Service • And more...

  14. Provincial Powers • Civil Law • Education • Healthcare • Lands & Forests • Municipalities • And more...

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