John Hickok, M.L.I.S., M.A. Librarian / Instructor California State University, Fullerton, USA

1. 4th APCELL Conference, Hong Kong, December 8, 2006 Libraries/E-Libraries: Important Players inInternational Education efforts of both China and Southeast Asia John Hickok, M.L.I.S., M.A. Librarian / Instructor California State University, Fullerton, USA

2. Background • Project: 1-year travel grant to investigate the internationalization of SEA & E Asia academic libraries.

3. Introduction Over the past decade, universities in China and SEA have been increasing international partnerships with universities in other countries. This has been a growing trend due to several factors.

4. Political Factors Partnerships with foreign institutions reflect the ambassadorial goodwill of China and SE Asian countries and show their presence in the international community

5. ScholarlyFactors partnerships bring the exchange of scientific information and the sharing of academic knowledge

6. Economic Factors partnerships bring new groups of students and tuition revenue, as well as cost-savings from shared resources

7. Response of Libraries In light of this increase in international education, libraries and e-libraries at many Chinese and SEA universities have expanded and adapted, in turn, to become important players in the process. • Bilateral library partnerships • Multilateral library partnerships

8. Bilateral Library Partnerships Example 1: Universitas Bina Nusantara, Indonesia Curtain University, Australia

10. Bilateral Library Partnerships Example 2: HKU-SPACE HK, SAR, China California State University (Fullerton), USA

12. Bilateral LibraryPartnerships Example 3: Vietnam National University (Hanoi), Vietnam Various libraries Worldwide

14. Bilateral LibraryPartnerships Example 4: Malaysia University of Science & Technology Malaysia M.I.T. USA

16. Bilateral LibraryPartnerships Example 5: Ateneo University Philippines LaTrobe University Australia

18. Bilateral Library Partnerships Example 6: Liaoning University China Indiana State University, USA

20. Bilateral Library Partnerships Example 7: Sun Yat-Sen University China Harvard College Library USA

22. Multilateral Library Partnerships Example 1: ASEAN University Network Inter Library Online (AUNILO). This library cooperative connects libraries throughout Southeast Asia for shared online catalogs and research information.

24. Multilateral Library Partnerships Example 2: Electronic Information for Libraries (eIFL) This cooperative assists libraries of developing countries in negotiating affordable subscriptions on a multi-country consortium basis.

26. Multilateral Library Partnerships Example 3: Congress On Southeast Asian Libraries (CONSAL) This international organization links university libraries throughout Southeast Asia together for information exchange, collaborative committee work (such as addressing common library problems), international conferences, and more.

28. Multilateral Library Partnerships Example 4: International Federation of Libraries Association (IFLA): Asia Section IFLA is the professional library association of the world, and the Asia section draws most of the prominent libraries of China and Southeast Asia for the mutual “development of library and information services” in the region.

30. Multilateral Library Partnerships Example 5: Online Computer Library Center (OCLC). This is the worldwide library catalog cooperative; by joining OCLC, libraries have access to the records of nearly all other libraries, worldwide.

32. Results of Libraries’ efforts 1. International resources are more accessible. Outside books, articles, reports, and data that might not have been available to researchers in their local library resources, suddenly become available.

33. Results of Libraries’ efforts 2. A transformation of library users transforming from local knowledge-bases, in their own languages, to international knowledge-bases, in English or other languages.

36. Conclusion 1. As Chinese and Southeast Asian universities continue to seek international partnerships, libraries will likewise need to follow suit.

37. Conclusion 2. The majority of libraries do not have such partnerships. Why not? There are obstacles... • Licensing contracts limiting partner access • Unequal flow of resource sharing (little return lending) • A void of dedicated library leadership (library frequently lead by a faculty member with busy teaching responsibilities)

38. Conclusion 3. The future is exciting for libraries; they are in key positions to be the catalysts for promoting international education (proactive, rather than reactive).

39. Thank you