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National and regional borders serve dual purposes: protection from undesirable entities and control over the flow of people and goods. While borders aim to be obstacles, true effectiveness is challenged by persistent smuggling activities, as traffickers innovate to evade detection. The narcotics trade employs various tactics, including air and maritime routes, while illegal industries like logging and mining contribute to environmental degradation. Additionally, the intertwining of terrorism and organized crime poses significant threats. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective policy-making.
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The Border Environment – From the Outside In Helmoed Rőmer Heitman
National and regional borders have two purposes: Protection and Control. • Protection, to keep undesirable people and activities out. • Absolute protection is impossible, so the role of the national borders is to serve as an obstacle to those people. • Control, to monitor the flow of people and goods, to build a picture for planning purposes. • This also provides a filter to guard against unintended, potentially harmful infringements.
This may be an international border, but it is hardly an obstacle
An Obstacle is only an obstacle if it is covered by observation and fire…..
Those who cannot get through borders…go under them….. From Egypt into Gaza… …or from Mexico into the United States
or over them… Drug cartels and terrorists have used ultra-light aircraft, flying at night using a hand-held GPS…. …and some innovative Mexicans have turned to history to find a new delivery mechanism
‘Air Cocaine’ Mostly using small aircraft - sometimes a little overloaded, like this one that failed to take off in Costa Rica. Larger aircraft are used to fly the product to Africa; mainly old airliners. Some are used just on one-way trips; like this Boeing 727 in Mali.
‘Go Fast’ Boats in the Caribbean – from rather basic to very modern Hunted by helicopters... …dumping cargo before being boarded
The Next Stage – submersibles and towed ‘torpedoes’. Submersibles come in many shapes and sizes… ‘Torpedoes’ are towed submerged by fishing boats
Illegal logging is major business in Africa, Asia and South America… An illegal industry on a scale that is hard to believe passes unnoticed by authorities – Madagascar, Indonesia, Cameroon.
Illegal mining is another lucrative business – and just as damaging to the environment…
Illegal mining is so lucrative that diamonds, gold and are flown out…in the DRC even Casserite ore
Terrorism – increasingly transnational; and making common cause with crime
Thank You Questions?
