1 / 21

The Rise of African Civilizations

The Rise of African Civilizations. Chapter 3 Section 1 Pages 206- 214. I. Africa ’ s Geography. Hans Vischer crossed Sahara on ‘ Death Road ” :Death Road ” : trade route connecting western Africa to the coast of the Mediterranean 2. Mapped route oases. Standard 7.4.1.

rhona-berg
Télécharger la présentation

The Rise of African Civilizations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Rise of African Civilizations Chapter 3 Section 1 Pages 206- 214

  2. I. Africa’s Geography • Hans Vischer crossed Sahara on ‘Death Road” • :Death Road”: trade route connecting western Africa to the coast of the Mediterranean 2. Mapped route oases

  3. Standard 7.4.1 A. A Vast and Diverse Continent • Second largest Continent • Equator crosses middle of Africa • Rain forests along equator (10% of land) • Most of Africa covered by savanna (wide open tropical grasslands) • High temps. & uneven rain= good farm land • Deserts to the north/south of savannas Desert Savanna Rain Forest Savanna Desert

  4. Standard 7.4.1 B. What is the African Plateau? • Almost all of Africa is on plateau (area of high flat land) • many long rivers: Nile, Niger • Rich soil along rivers = good crops and powerful civilizations • Merchants use rivers to trade and share ideas Af. Plateau

  5. Standard 7.4.1, .2, .5 II. African Trading Empires • Many Africans share a common background: Bantu • Bantu settled Africa thousands of years ago Bantu Men Bantu Gatherers Bantu Hunter

  6. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 A. Who Were the Bantu? • Bantu spread along the Benue River • Some paddled down the Congo River through rainforests • Settled in grasslands south of Sahara Africa • Bantu spread culture: mining, pottery, iron working, language

  7. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 B. Trade Caravans Begin • Sahara stopped Bantu from moving north • Berbers from North Africa crossed Sahara • Berbers used horses/donkeys for trade (died in the heat) • Romans introduced camels from Asia • Camels revolutionized Saharan trade Camel caravan

  8. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 C. The Rise of Ghana • Salt/cloth in North Africa  Gold/Ivory in West Africa • Ghana rose due to trade • Ghana located at several trade routes/ Niger River, controlled gold mines= POWER • Ghana taxed people trade = rich • Salt = very important: 1lb. Salt = 1lb. gold

  9. Ghana • Traders had to pass through Ghana they had to pay a fee Why would traders pay a fee? • Ghana knew how to make Iron weapons (conquered people) • Ghana controlled people who owned gold mines 2. Ghana built a huge army 3. People wanted to trade items with Ghana especially salt and gold

  10. Decline of Ghana • Discovery of gold outside of Mali • Reduced taxes collected 2. Heavy farming robbed soil of minerals • Unable to grow enough crops 3. Constant warfare

  11. Mali • 2. Mali rebuilds gold and salt trade • Mansa Musa of Mali died: Mali became weak • Mali’s kings too weak to stop Berbers • Mali conquered Ghana • Sundiata Keita: “The Lion Prince”

  12. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 E. Rise of Songhai • Sunni Ali of Songhai drove Berbers out • Sunni Ali used war canoes to conquer river trade • Captured salt/gold mines • Sunni Ali died, but Songhaibuilt the largest West African empire

  13. Empires • Ghana taken over by Mali • Mali taken over by Songhai • Songhai taken over by Arab kingdom

  14. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 F. Kingdoms of the Rain Forest • Kingdoms arose in rain forests along equator • King Ewuare founded Benin in Niger River Delta • Rain forests: warm wet climate=rich farming soil= surplus crops • Surpluses used to trade or support king/artisans • Europeans traded with Benin/Kongo for slaves

  15. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 G. East Africa • 1005bc: Ethiopa began • Queen Makeda ruled empire of Sheba • Glory of Kings: Ethiopia’s oldest recorded history • Makeda met with King Solomon: introduced Judaism to Ethiopia from Israel Queen Makeda of Sheba

  16. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 H. What Was Axum? • Ethiopa stayed strong (called Abyssinia back then) • Power centered in Axum • Axum located next to Red Sea: great trade routes • 300AD: King Ezana fought Kush: won • 334: King Ezana converted to Christianity King Ezana’s stele in Axum

  17. Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5 I. Coastal City-States • Arabs traded w/ E. Africa long before rise of Islam • Arabs invented triangular sail to power dhows • 700s: Muslim traders settle in E. Africa • Mus. establish trading ports along coast • Ports included Mogadishu, Kilwa, Mombasa, and Zanzibar Arab Dhow Arab Merchants

  18. J. What Was the Great Zimbabwe? • 700: Shona founded Zimbabwe in SE Africa • 1400s: kings Mutota and Matope made Zimbabwe into powerful trade empire: ivory, copper, gold • Today: over 300 large stone ruins still stand The Great Zimbabwe Ruins @ The Great Zimbabwe

More Related