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Water & Environmental Research Center

MEASUREMENT OF SOLID-STATE PRECIPITATION AT THE WATERSHED SCALE. Douglas L. Kane, 1 Larry D. Hinzman, 1 James McNamara 2 and Beau Griggs 1 1 WERC/INE, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 2 Geology Dept., Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725.

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Water & Environmental Research Center

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  1. MEASUREMENT OF SOLID-STATE PRECIPITATION AT THE WATERSHED SCALE Douglas L. Kane,1 Larry D. Hinzman,1 James McNamara2 and Beau Griggs1 1 WERC/INE, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 2 Geology Dept., Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 Water & Environmental Research Center

  2. How do we get high quality, spatially distributed snow depth and snow-water equivalent data for use in water balance closure and input into hydrologic models at the watershed scale (2 to 10,000 km2)? Water & Environmental Research Center

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  4. Snowpack distribution in the Arctic is highly variable across space and time, but tends to display similar spatial patterns from year to year. Water & Environmental Research Center

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  7. ARCTIC SNOWPACKS ARE VERY HETEROGENEOUS DUE TO BOTH MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY AND REDISTRIBUTION BY WIND COUPLED WITH LARGER TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND VEGETATION. Water & Environmental Research Center

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  9. * 706 MEASUREMENTS OVER A 1000 M TRANSECT AT ~1.5 M INTERVAL Water & Environmental Research Center

  10. Procedure for Imnavait Creek For a 1 km transect across the watershed (ridge to ridge), take depth measurements every 1 m and 5 snow-water equivalent measurements every 100 m. Water & Environmental Research Center

  11. 404000 UTM 405000 406000 407000 408000 615000 UTM 614000 150 613000 T8 TK8 612000 EXPLANATION 611000 > 20 cm 15 - 20 cm 10 - 15 cm W A T E R E Q U I V A L E N T 5 - 10 cm 0 - 5 cm S U R V E Y M A R K E R 610000 Countour interval 5 cm. Water equivalent 1989 END OF WINTER SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT MAP Study o 2 9 Area E C O L O G I C A L R E S E A R C H S I T E T O O L I K L A K E A R E A , A L A S K A 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 N T u o h M e METERS r r N o h g a t r t .

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  13. Procedure for Larger Watersheds By snow machine, helicopter, skis and on foot visit sites and take 50 depth and 5 Snow-water Equivalent measurements Upper Kuparuk River< 142 km2, 17 sites Putuligayuk River, ~471 km2, 16 Sites Kuparuk River, 8,140 km2, 39 Sites Water & Environmental Research Center

  14. Kuparuk River Watershed Snowpack Distribution Coastal Plain mean = 9.21 std. dev = 6.91 n = 11 Mountains mean = 13.16 std. dev =8.88 n = 92 Foothills mean = 11.91 std. dev = 7.31 n = 94 Water & Environmental Research Center

  15. 373900 373900 373900 373900 393900 393900 393900 393900 413900 413900 413900 413900 433900 433900 433900 433900 1994 1995 1996 1997 7806000 7786000 7766000 7746000 7726000 7706000 7686000 7666000 7646000 7626000 7606000 Snow Water Equivalent (cm) UTM Northing UTM Easting Snow water equivalent distribution within the Kuparuk watershed from the SnowKup model. Distribution on the coastal plain has considerable detail but is washed out in this figure due to color resolution.

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