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Potential Energy

This text explores the concept of potential energy (PE) defined by an object's position relative to a chosen zero-level reference point, such as the floor or ground. It presents the formula PE = mgy, illustrating the relationship between mass (M), gravitational acceleration (g), and height (y). The work done by gravity is analyzed, emphasizing its path independence; the work depends only on the object's vertical displacement. An example involving an 86.0 kg refrigerator is provided to calculate its potential energy on a ramp. Homework assignments for further study are also mentioned.

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Potential Energy

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  1. Potential Energy • The energy due to an object’s position or location. M W=mgy =PEg y M

  2. For PE, choose a “zero-level” (reference level). • Floor • Desk • Earth • Etc.

  3. The work done by gravity: Wg = -mgy Wg = -ΔPE=mgyi- mgyf M y M

  4. EXAMPLE • An 86.0kg refrigerator is hauled up a ramp that is 20.0m long and 5.50m high. Find • Its potential energy relative to the bottom of the ramp. • The work done by gravity.

  5. Path Independence • Gravity is path independent: the work done by gravity depends on the object’s displacement, not how it got there. • HW: Read pp. 127-130 • Do 19-29

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