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How successful was the mandate system?

This article examines the Mandate System in Africa following the Scramble for Africa, its purpose, and its implications on European control over the continent. It also explores the aftermath of the Berlin Conference, tensions between European powers, and the link between the colonial system and World War I. Additionally, it discusses the establishment of the Mandate System post-WWI, its different categories, and the role of the League of Nations. The article concludes by analyzing the Middle East and Africa under the Mandate System and evaluating its impact on development and racial equality.

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How successful was the mandate system?

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  1. How successful was the mandate system?

  2. Scramble for Africa—The Berlin Conference 1884-5 • before this meeting 80% of Africa was under local & traditional control… …after this meeting 90% of Africa was under European control.

  3. Scramble for Africa • The purpose was for European countries to have spheres of influence over areas • To gain their raw materials for industry • As a status symbol • Clashes between Germany and France over Morocco, between Britain and France over Sudan • Tension from this colonial system led to WWI, which is why Wilson’s 14 Points included a part about adjusting colonies to take care of the people inside them

  4. The Mandate System Post WWI • Another name for imperialism/colonialism? • Victorious nations would “administer” (rule?) old colonies • See LoN document—answer: • 1. According to Source A, why was the mandate system established? • 2. In what ways could it be argued that Article 22 still allowed the victorious powers to increase their influence and power? • 3. What other name does Source A give to the victorious powers?

  5. Mandates—Three Categories • Category A: most developed; Turkish colonies (Syria-France, Iraq-Britain, Palestine-Britain); should be administered for a short period • Category B: former Germany colonies in Africa; need more time and supervision before independence • Category C: Pacific colonies; pretty much stayed colonies

  6. LoN role • No real authority to watch over the mandates • Mandatory powers (Britain, France, etc) were supposed to send an annual report • When there was unrest in a mandate country, the LoN set up a committee to check it out, and did a pretty good job of it

  7. The Middle East • The former Ottoman territories were turned into mandates: • Syria to France (never able to control it very well—remember Faisal had a stint as ruler, then left) • Iraq to Britain (brought in Faisal eventually to rule) • Transjordan to Britain • Palestine to Britain • Series of bad/contradictory promises led to tension between Jews and Palestinian Arabs

  8. Africa

  9. Africa • Britain gained Eastern territories of Africa from Germany • France ended up with most of West Africa • ^ Supports the idea that the mandate system was just imperialism • But, the African mandates (and former colonies) did all gain independence (1950s & 1960s) • Bigger but, the mandate system did not reduce the gap between the “advanced” people and the “backward” people, so the aim of establishing racial equality failed.

  10. Research • Choose an African mandate during the inter-war years. Decide if the mandate system helped or hindered its development.

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