About the Author

1. About the Author 张融雪

2. Bill Buford Born in 1954 in Baton Rough, Louisiana. Raised in Southern California. Now he lives with his wife and two sons in New York.

3. Bill Buford He attended the University of California in Berkeley. After that, he moved to King's College, University of Cambridge. He remained in England for most of the 1980s.

4. Bill Buford Bufford is credited with coining the term "dirty realism", which depicts in great detail the seamier or more mundane aspects of ordinary life.

5. Professional Career An American author and journalist the editor of Granta (1995-2007) the former fiction editor of The New Yorker regarded as one of the best editors the magazine had ever known In 2001, he was sent to Europe to become the magazine's special correspondent.

6. Bill Buford's Work Among the Thugs Heat

7. Among the Thugs --one of the great social-research documents

8. Among the Thugs --one of the great social-research documents Cheif Thesis the traditional sociological account of crowd theory fails to understand the often complex problem of football violence as a particularly English working-class phenomenon

9. Heat

10. Heat Buford begins his time at Babbo in a variety of roles including dishwasher, prep cook, garbage remover and any other role demanded of him. Over the course of the book, his skills improve and he is able to butcher a hog and work any station in the restaurant.

11. Central Park PPT maker:黄媛媛

12. Central park

13. Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan in New York City.The park was initially opened in 1857,on 778 acres of city-owened land(it is 843 arces today). • In 1858,Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaus won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they entitled the Greensward Plan.Construction began the same year and was completed in 1873. • The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes about 84% of Central Park's annual budget,and employs 81% of the park's maintenance staff.

14. Architecture of Central Park English Romanticism is characterized by the picturesque ideal to blend with the natural environment. Another style is Classicism characterized by formal symmetry and the use of straight lines,evident in the south end of Park.

15. Maybe it looks like an oil paiting,but it's truel!

16. Night here is silent, but not peaceful...

17. Famous scenic spots Center Park Zoo Delacorte Theater Bethesda Fountain Sheep Meadow Strawberry Fields Conservatory Water Belvedere Castle

18. The Delacorte Theater Every summer, The Delacorte theater perform Shakespeare's plays.The most exciting thing is that it is completely free.

19. Belvedere Castle In the south of Delacorte Theater perched on Visa Rock.As its name suggests,the castle offers visitor a wonderful panoramic viewpoint.

20. Ogden Nash Introduction to Ogden Nash Poetic Style Poem in Text Maker:刘梦

21. Frederic Ogden Nash(1902.8.19-1971.5.19)was an American poet well known for his light verse. was born in Rye,New York died from Crohn's disease (克罗恩氏病，节断性肠炎) entered Harvard University in1920 (only a year ) occupation:poet,author,lyricist

22. elected to the National Institution of Arts and Letters in 1950. elected to the American Academy of Arts and sciences in1965. At the time of his death in1971,The New York Times said his "droll verse with its unconventional rhymes made him the country's best-known producer of humorous poetry".

23. Postage stamp The US Postal Service released a postal stamp featuring Ogden Nash and text from six of his poems on the centennial of his birth on19 August 2002. The six poems are"The Turtle","The Cow","Crossing the Borders","The Kitten","The Camel",and"Limerick One".

24. It was the first stamp in the history of the USPS to include the word"sex",although as a synonym for gender.

25. Poetic style 1.surprising,pun-like rhymes,sometimes deliberately misspelled for comic effect. eg:his retort to Dorothy Parker's humorous dictum,Men seldom make passes/At girls who wear glasses: A girl who is bespectacled She may not get her nectacled

26. 2.wrote in an exaggerated verse form with pairs of lines that rhyme,but are of dissimilar length and irregular meter. eg: Once there was a man named Mr.Palliser asked his wife.May i be a gourmet? And she said,you sure may.

27. 3.often a playful twist of an old saying or poem. eg:"Indeed,unless the billboards fall /I'll never see a tree at all."which is a twist on Joyce Kilmer's poem"Trees":"I think that i shall never see/a poem lovely as a tree."

28. poem in the text If you should happen after dark To find yourself in Central Park, Ignore the paths that beckon you And hurry,hurry to the zoo, And creep into the tiger's lair. Frankly,you'll be safer there. Nash compared the Central Park to the tiger's lair,which shows the unsafety and fear people felt.Bill uses the poem to support his argument:the Central Park is dangerous.

29. The Empire State Building 王红红

31. Introduction The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets. It stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, until One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. The Empire State Building is currently the fifth-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 29th-tallest in the world. The Empire State Building is an American cultural icon. It is designed in the distinctive Art Deco style and has been named as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

32. History Two men had a dream to build the tallest building in the world in New York City. They were John J. Raskob and Alfred E. Smith. The building's name came from one of the New York's nicknames as the "Empire State." Raskob had worked as a bookkeeper who eventually worked his way up to be the vice-president of General Motors. Smith was a former governor who proved to be an unsuccessful candidate during the elections. They met and discussed the idea to building the "Empire State Building." First they had to find a place to build such a building. They found that the best site would have to be on the old and closed Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on Fifth Avenue, between 33rd and 34th streets This site was close to Manhattan 's southern tip because to support heavy and tall buildings, they needed bedrock underneath them. This much bedrock could only be found in Manhattan. Bedrock is an enormous, strong, deep rock that is enough to hold enormous pressure and weight. The two partners also wanted the building located where business was good. Raskob had paid around $20 million for the closed hotel, which was then torn down to begin this new project.

33. Architecture The entrance would be four stories high and the main lobby on the inside would be three stories high. After the 80th floor, the tower narrows until it reaches 1,250 feet above Fifth Avenue. the observation decks would be built on the 85th and 102nd floors. At the top there would be a TV antenna, which would make the "Empire State Building" to a total of 1,454 feet tall. The best part; about the designs were that the Empire State Building could be built both quickly and easily. The materials were brought in, in the order that they were needed to quicken the process. The delivery of the parts followed a schedule so that the workers could build the Empire State Building as if it was a toy. Before the construction started, a model of the building made out of plaster had to be made. The model of the Empire State Building was 7 feet tall and weighed 525 pounds.

34. In popular culture Lots of popular culture involves the Empire State Building, such as film (Love affairs、Sleepless in Seattle)、Television(Under dog、How I met your mother)、Literature(The shape of things to come、James and the Giant Peach), and other areas.

35. Daniel Boone 赵晓文

36. Daniel Boone Born: November 2, 1734 Reading, Pennsylvania Died: September 26, 1820 St. Charles, Missouri American frontiersman and explorer, Daniel Boone was the greatest woodsman in the United States history. He left behind many lands that he had discovered, protected, settled, and improved. He was the subject of many stories after his death that exaggerated both his accomplishments and his flaws.

38. An early interest in the outdoors Daniel Boone was born in Pennsylvania, on November 2, 1734, the sixth of eleven children born to Squire Boone, a farmer and land speculator , and Sarah Morgan. His formal education was limited. He and his family moved to North Carolina in 1751. After working for his father, Boone became a wagoner (a wagon driver) and a blacksmith.

39. In 1755 Boone joined General Edward Braddock , commander in chief of British forces in North America, as a wagoner. While on march he met John Finley, a hunter, whose talk of the Kentucky wilderness greatly influenced Boone's career. When Braddock's command was destroyed by a French and Indian ambush, Boone fled for his life on horseback.

40. Expeditions and settlement In 1767 Boone led his first expedition as far westward as the area of Floyd County, Kentucky. Boone led the first group of colonists to Kentucky, reaching the site of Boonesborough in April 1775. Later that year he brought west another party, which included his family. Boone became the leader of the Kentucky settlement, as hunter, surveyor , and Indian fighter. When Kentucky became a county of Virginia, he was given the rank of major in the militia.

41. In July 1778, he was captured by the Shawnee. Though he escaped and helped defend Boonesborough against Indian raiders, while on his way east he was robbed of money other settlers had given him to buy land. He was forced to repay the angry settlers. From this time on, Boone was followed by debts and lawsuits.

42. Boone and his family later moved west to Spain's Alta Luisiana. The Spaniards were pleased to have him as a colonist, giving him a large land grant and a position of leadership in his district. However, when the United States took over the land, Boone's claim was denied once again, although Congress restored part of it in 1814. Daniel Boone died of natural causes on September 26, 1820

43. Cultural legacy Daniel Boone remains an iconic figure in American history, although his status as an early American folk hero and later as a subject of fiction have tended to obscure the actual details of his life. Boone is commonly remembered as a hunter, pioneer, and "Indian-fighter", though most people are uncertain when he lived or exactly what he did.

44. Symbol Boone was moderately well known from several books about his wilderness adventures when Lord Byron (1788–1824) wrote about him in the 1823 poem Don Juan. This made the explorer world famous three years after his death and led people to tell many exaggerated stories about him. Love of adventure, skill in the outdoors, and dignity in the face of misfortune made Daniel Boone a symbol of early America.

45. Central Park Jogger Case 张昆明

47. Introduction The Central Park jogger case concerned the assault, rape, and sodomy of Trisha Meili, a female jogger, and attacks on others in New York City's Central Park, on April 19, 1989. The attack on the female jogger left her in a coma for 12 days. Meili was a 28-year-old investment banker at the time. The attacks were, according to The New York Times, "one of the most widely publicized crimes of the 1980s

48. Criminals Five juvenile males—four black and one of Hispanic descent—were tried, variously, for assault, robbery, riot, rape, sexual abuse, and attempted murder. They were convicted of most charges by juries in two separate trials in 1990, and received sentences ranging from five to 15 years. Four of the convictions were appealed; they were affirmed by appellate courts. The defendants spent between six and 13 years in prison.

49. Unjust Verdict In 2002, Matias Reyes, a Hispanic male who had been a juvenile at the time of the attack, confessed to raping the jogger, and DNA evidence confirmed his involvement in Meili's rape. He also said he committed the rape alone. Reyes at the time of his confession was a convicted serial rapist and murderer, serving a life sentence. He was not prosecuted for raping Meili, because the statute of limitations had passed by the time Reyes confessed. District Attorney Robert Morgenthau suggested to the court that their convictions related to the assault and rape of Meili and the attacks on others to which they had confessed be vacated (a legal position in which the parties are treated as though no trial has taken place) and withdrew the charges. Their convictions were vacated in 2002. Ending The five who had been convicted sued New York City in 2003 for malicious prosecution, racial discrimination, and emotional distress. The city refused to settle the suits for a decade under then-Mayor Michael Bloomberg, because the city's lawyers felt they would win. However, after Bill de Blasio became mayor and supported the settlement, the city settled the case for $41 million in 2014. As of December 2014, the five men were pursuing an additional $52 million in damages from New York State in the New York Court of Claims.

50. 13 years later