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session: i ntercultural COMMUNICATION

session: i ntercultural COMMUNICATION. Internationalisation@home. Contents. Intro: Intercultural competence Definitions: communication, culture, intercultural communication What causes communication problems in an intercultural setting Verbal communication Non-verbal communication

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session: i ntercultural COMMUNICATION

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  1. session: intercultural COMMUNICATION Internationalisation@home

  2. Contents • Intro: Intercultural competence • Definitions: communication, culture, intercultural communication • What causes communication problems in an intercultural setting • Verbal communication • Non-verbal communication • Richard Lewis’ model of intercultural communication • Introduction to assignment

  3. Intro: Intercultural competence “The 21st century is upon us. As inhabitants of this post-millennium world, you no longer have a choice about whether to live and communicate among many cultures. Your only choice is whether you will learn to do it well...” Lustig, Koester & Taylor

  4. Intro: Intercultural competence • The imperative for intercultural competence • Demographic imperative • Technological imperative • Economic imperative • Peace imperative • Interpersonalimperative

  5. Culture Culture Person A Person B Encode/ Decode Send/Receive Messages through Various Channels Encode/ Decode Noise Noise Noise What is communication? • Verbal and non-verbal (90%)

  6. What is culture?

  7. Layers of Culture • National • Regional • Educational • Professional • Gender • Class • Religious • Generational • Ethnic • Corporate • Personal family country sports club company

  8. Culture, an iceberg … Heroes Social practices Symbols Rituals Values Norms Beliefs

  9. Values …

  10. Symbols…

  11. Heroes…

  12. Rituals …

  13. What is intercultural communication?

  14. What causes communication problems in an intercultural setting? Verbal and Non-verbal communication

  15. Cultural differences in communication MESSAGE SENDER MASSAGE RECEIVER

  16. What can go wrong – verbal (1) • Non-native speakers (often at least one of them) • One-on-one translations • Translation of jokes, sayings, a pun … often not possible • Time relativity in a global perspective • Use of other measures • gallon, mile, ounce, …

  17. What can go wrong – verbal (2) • WASHINGTON (AP) — “Failure to convert English measures to metric values caused the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter, a spacecraft that smashed into the planet instead of reaching a safe orbit, a NASA investigation concluded Wednesday. […]An investigation board concluded that NASA engineers failed to convert English measures of rocket thrusts to Newton, a metric system measuring rocket force. One English pound of force equals 4.45 Newton. A small difference between the two values caused the spacecraft to approach Mars at too low an altitude and the craft is thought to have smashed into the planet’s atmosphere and was destroyed.”

  18. What can go wrong – verbal (3) • Pronunciation of words • “Sh” cannot be pronounced in Finnish • The English “th” • Different vocabulary • Snow (Inuit) • Green (Zulu)

  19. Verbal communication

  20. What can go wrong – verbal (4) • Politeness • Vous / tu – u / jij - you • First names • Japan: “I” is different in different contexts • Grammar • Existence of present tense • Past tenses (was/has been) • My grandfather never went abroad ≠ has never gone abroad • Le subjonctifn’existe pas en néerlandais

  21. What can go wrong - examples • Irish Mist

  22. What can go wrong – examples • GM Chevy NOVA

  23. What can go wrong – examples • Mazda Laputa

  24. What can go wrong – examples • Slogans • Parker Pen • "It won't leak in your pocket and embarrass you" translated into "It won't leak in your pocket and make you pregnant” in Spanish • Pepsi • "Come Alive With the Pepsi Generation" translated into "Pepsi Brings Your Ancestors Back From the Grave" in Chinese

  25. What can go wrong – non-verbal (1) • Body-language • Nodding = YES or NO ??? • Laughing = happiness or insecurity ??? • Avoiding eye contact = respect or shame ??? • Physical distance - touching each other - kissing

  26. What can go wrong – non-verbal (2) • Colours • Red = political colour of … • EU: left-sided political parties • US: Republicans • White = colour of … • EU: marriage • Catholics: joy • China, Muslim: death

  27. What can go wrong – non-verbal (3) • Symbols • Different meanings • Not understandable outside the group • Thumbs up = OK, … • but offensive in Greece

  28. What can go wrong – non-verbal (4) • Values: nudity

  29. What can go wrong – non-verbal (5) • Values: diseases

  30. What can go wrong - non-verbal (6) • Values: religion

  31. What can go wrong – (non)verbal (7) • Direction in which we read • Left to right, top to bottom, … … problems if the message is read from right to left • Our usual perspective • http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmapper/index.html

  32. Richard lewis’ model www.howest.be

  33. Richard Lewis’ model of Cultural Categories

  34. National Communication Patterns – Italy –

  35. National Communication Patterns – Finland –

  36. National Communication Patterns – Germany –

  37. National Communication Patterns – UK –

  38. Listening Habits – Belgium –

  39. Conclusion ‘Tolerance, intercultural dialogue and respect for diversity are more essential thanever in a world where people are becoming more and more closelyinterconnected.’ Kofi Annan

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