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Splash Screen. Chapter Preview Section 1: Dimensions of Stratification Section 2: Explanations of Stratification Section 3: Social Classes in America Section 4: Poverty in America Section 5: Social Mobility. Chapter Menu. Chapter Preview · Section 1.

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Preview Section 1: Dimensions of Stratification Section 2: Explanations of Stratification Section 3: Social Classes in America Section 4: Poverty in America Section 5: Social Mobility Chapter Menu

  3. Chapter Preview · Section 1 Dimensions of Stratification (pages 242–249) Stratification is the division of society into classes that have unequal amounts of wealth, power, and prestige. Karl Marx and Max Weber studied these dimensions of stratification in great detail. Chapter Preview 1

  4. Chapter Preview · Section 2 Explanations of Stratification (pages 250–253) Each of the three perspectives—functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism—explains stratification in society in a different way. Chapter Preview 2

  5. Chapter Preview · Section 3 Social classes in America (pages 254–258) Sociologists have identified several social classes in the United States. They include the upper, middle, working, and lower classes. Chapter Preview 3

  6. Chapter Preview · Section 4 Poverty in America (pages 259–264) Poverty can be measured in absolute or relative terms. The poor in the U.S. are disproportionately represented by African Americans, Latinos, women, and children. Chapter Preview 4

  7. Chapter Preview · Section 5 Social Mobility (pages 265–268) Social mobility, the movement of individuals or groups within the stratification structure, is usually measured by changes in occupational status. Sociologists are most interested in upward or downward (vertical) mobility. Closed-class systems permit little vertical mobility; open class systems, such as those in industrialized countries, allow considerable vertical mobility. Chapter Preview 5

  8. Chapter Preview-End

  9. Stratification is the division of society into classes that have unequal amounts of wealth, power, and prestige. Karl Marx and Max Weber studies these dimensions of stratification in great detail. Section 1-Preview

  10. social stratification social class bourgeoisie proletariat income wealth power prestige Section 1-Key Terms

  11. A B C Which characteristic do you think determines a person’s social class? A.Wealth B.Power C. Fame Section 1-Polling Question

  12. Dimension of Stratification • Social stratification is the creation of layers of people who possess unequal shares of scarce resources. • Income, wealth, power, and prestige are the most important resources. Section 1

  13. Dimension of Stratification (cont.) • Each layer is considered a social class, or a segment of a population whose members hold similar amounts of scarce resources and share values, norms, and an identifiable lifestyle. Poverty and Death Section 1

  14. A B C D How many social classes do you think exist in the U.S. today? A.0–1 B.2–3 C. 4–5 D.More than 5 Section 1

  15. The Economic Dimension • Karl Marx believed that the economy determined the nature of society and predicted that capitalist societies would be reduced to two social classes: Section 1

  16. The Economic Dimension (cont.) • The bourgeoisie is the class that owns the means of production. • The proletariatis theclass that labors without owning the means of production. Section 1

  17. The Economic Dimension (cont.) • Marx also noted the unequal distribution of economic resources. • Income inequality exists and is growing within the United States. Section 1

  18. The Economic Dimension (cont.) • These definitions must be considered when discussing this gap: • Income is the amount of money received within a given time period by an individual or group. • Wealth refers to all the economic resources possessed by an individual or group. Percentage Change in After-Tax Income, 1977 to 2002 Shares of Wealth Section 1

  19. A B C According to Marx, a construction worker would be considered part of which class? A. Proletariat B.Bourgeoisie C. Neither Section 1

  20. The Power Dimension • Power is the ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will. • Marx believed that those who own and control capital have the power in a society. • Weber argued that while having money helps, economic success and power are not the same. Section 1

  21. The Power Dimension (cont.) • The following can also increase power: • Expert knowledge • Social positions • A large group of supporters or skill at organizing resources Section 1

  22. A B C Do you think if a person is wealthy, they are also powerful? A.Yes B.No C. Not sure Section 1

  23. The Prestige Dimension • Prestige is recognition, respect, and admiration attached to social positions. • It is defined by your culture and society. • It is voluntarily given. Section 1

  24. The Prestige Dimension (cont.) • People with similar levels of prestige share similar lifestyles. • An occupation usually dictates a level of prestige. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the United States Section 1

  25. A B C D In your opinion, which position is more prestigious A.Doctor B.Lawyer C. Professional athlete D. Politician Section 1

  26. Section 1-End

  27. Each of the three perspectives—functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism—explains stratification in society in a different way. Section 2-Preview

  28. false consciousness Section 2-Key Terms

  29. A B C D Do you think education is a determining factor in determining one’s social class? A.Definitely agree B.Somewhat agree C. Somewhat disagree D.Definitely disagree Section-Polling Question

  30. Functionalist Theory of Stratification • According to the functionalists, stratification assures that: • the most qualified people fill the most important positions • these qualified people perform their tasks competently • they are rewarded for their efforts Section 2

  31. A B C D Which profession do you think has the highest level of skill? A.Doctor B.Rocket scientist C. Car mechanic D.Writer Section 2

  32. Conflict Theory of Stratification • According to the conflict theory, inequality exists because some people are willing to exploit others. • This is based on Marx’s ideas regarding class conflict—the people with the power are able to control everyone else because they can easily spread their ideas. Section 2

  33. Conflict Theory of Stratification (cont.) • Marx used the term false consciousness to refer to the working-class acceptance of capitalist ideas and values. Section 2

  34. A B C D According to the conflict theory of stratification, what would a foreman at a construction worksite be considered? A.An exploiter B.The exploited C. Both D.Neither Section 2

  35. Symbolic Interaction and Stratification • According to this perspective, American children are taught that a person’s social class is the result of talent and effort. • Therefore, people’s self-concepts help preserve the status quo. Social Stratification Section 2

  36. A B C According to the symbolic interactionism perspective, could a child born into poverty become a doctor? A.Yes B.No C. Not sure Section 2

  37. Section 2-End

  38. Sociologists have identified several social classes in the United States. They include the upper class, the middle class, the working class, the working poor, and the underclass. Section 3-Preview

  39. class consciousness working poor underclass Section 3-Key Terms

  40. A B C Which social class would do you think Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, is considered to be part of? A.Upper class B.Middle class C. Work class Section 3-Polling Question

  41. Class Consciousness • Class consciousness is a sense of identification with the goals and interests of the members of a particular social class. • The American public has shown little interest in class differences. American Class Structure Social Classes in World Perspective Section 3

  42. A B C What is the typical income of a person in the working poor class? A.12,000 B.35,000 C. 55,000 Section 3

  43. The Upper Class • Only 1% of the population is upper class. There are different levels within the upper class: • Upper-upper class • Lower-upper class Section 3

  44. A B C D What percentage of the population is in the upper class? A.1 B.2 C. 3 D.4 Section 3

  45. The Middle Classes • About 40%–50% of Americans are middle class. Section 3

  46. The Middle Classes (cont.) • The upper-middle class (about 14%) is composed of those who have been successful in: • business • the professions • politics • the military Section 3

  47. The Middle Classes (cont.) • The middle-middle class (about 30%) is made of people such as: • owners of small businesses and farms • independent professionals • other professionals, such as nurses and police officers • lower-level managers • some sales and clerical workers Section 3

  48. A B C D What percentage of the population is in the middle-middle class? A.20 B.30 C. 40 D.50 Section 3

  49. The Working Class • About one-third of the population is working class and is made of people such as: • roofers • delivery truck drivers • machine operators • salespeople • clerical workers Section 3

  50. A B C D What is a major concern of the working class? A.Steady employment B.Health insurance C. Retirement benefits D.All of the above Section 3

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