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Boiler - & WH labelling and European directive EuP

Ecodesign of EuP. Lot 2: Dedicated Water Heaters. Boiler - & WH labelling and European directive EuP. WD: Annex IV. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-general for Energy and Transport Unit D3, Energy Efficiency. Annex IV. Definitions Data Report Reference Conditions Shared Parameters

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Boiler - & WH labelling and European directive EuP

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  1. ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008 Ecodesign of EuP Lot 2: Dedicated Water Heaters Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP WD: Annex IV EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-general for Energy and Transport Unit D3, Energy Efficiency

  2. Annex IV • Definitions • Data Report • Reference Conditions • Shared Parameters • Water Heating Model • Direct Testing Methods • Examples Direct Test Methods • Definition Smart Control • General Direct Method (void) • Items not covered • List of parameters • References

  3. ID & Select waterload waterload Qfuel , Qelec Inputs Direct Method smart control parameters distribution loss & WH recovery Inputs Indirect Method solar heat pump back-up Outputs efficiency Annex B: Data Report

  4. Test Methods WH [1] • “Waterload” (param. 11. self-declaration within limits Annex I WD) defines appropriate test tapping cycle Table C4. • Direct Method: measures energy consumption during an appropriate 24h test tapping cycle. Qfuel and/or Qelec are a direct outcome. To be used for all conventional WH, optional for most WH with renewables, except with CO2 heat pump, where it is the only alternative. (based on EN 13203-2, prEN 50440, EN 255-3, prEN 13203-3, EN 12975-2 & industry proposals ) • Indirect Method: Optional for WH with renewables. Measures relevant parameters of components --collector, tank, HP, back up heater-- and then derives the energy consumption with the chosen tapping cycle through calculation (monthly calculation as EN 15316-4-2, EN 15316-4-3).

  5. Test Methods WH [2] • Why Indirect Method still needed? • For solar or HP assisted combi the only alternative  level playing field. • For some configurations no direct method (yet) defined. • Smart control (13.1): 10% bonus if WH complies with conditions in Annex H • Waste Heat Recovery: %% determined by noisew [13.2], airintake [7.1], boilpos[7.2], volumeb[7.3]. Lookup in Annex D. Absolute value of envelope losses fossil-fuel WH determined by subtracting flue gas losses from total. Flue gas losses from ηcomb [14.1], Tflue [14.2] and dpt [6.2]. • Distribution Losses: kWh/a determined by airintake [7.1] and volumeb[7.3]. Look up table in Annex E.

  6. Test Methods WH [3] • Why Distribution losses and WHR in EuP? • Avoids having to deal with it in EPB and/or specific legislation (DG ENV). • Validates and quantifies for designers directly and clearly the advantage of certain design features like compactness, low noise, room sealed, placement in/outdoors. • Exception: Centralized WH systems: See Annex III of WD. EuP just takes into account distribution losses and WHR at the level of individual dwellings. Extra losses for centralized systems have to be taken into account in EPB. Methodology e.g. as indicated by ItG.

  7. 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 40ºC 35ºC Kitchen tappings (oC) Shower Bath Bath+shower (simult.) QloadinkWh/a 8x’M’ 16x’M’ • 461 • 461 • 465 • 1285 • 2562 • 4187 • 5355 • 10277 • 20555 • XXS • XS • S • M • L • XL • XXL • 3XL • 4XL • max.flow (l/min, 60ºC) • 2 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 10 • 10 • 16 • 48 • 96 • max.single tap (l) • 2 • 6 • 10 • 27 • 69 • 84 • 119 • 239 • 477 Derived from prEN 50440 “electric storage” and EN 13203-2/3 “gas/solar Load profiles water heating

  8. Test Procedure Direct Method (except EIWH) • Define energy input(s) • Define general test conditions • Solar only (optional): Perform collector tests inputs solar collector simulator • Define “zero load” stable condition of WH (check with test) • Perform tapping cycle: • Bring WH in stable zero load condition (check!) Or measure “zero load” WH energy content (large draw-off TDHW = Tcold ±1) • Perform 24h tapping cycle, measure energy (elec and/or fossil), TDHW, Flowrate, Tcold, time. Assess appropriate useful kWh per draw-off (±2%) by repetitive tests and/or predict on-the-fly from preceding T-curve. • Return WH to stable zero load condition (check!) OR measure remaining energy content (large draw-off) • Report energy use tapping cycle, corrected for possible deviations in • Energy input & test conditions • WH energy content before/after • Useful energy output (actual vs. required according to Table C4)

  9. Test Procedure Direct Method EIWH • EIWH (Electric Instantaneous Water Heater): • Energy input(s) and general test conditions as before • Derive tapping cycle energy use from measuring: • Static loss Ploss_max at steady-state max. load Pstatic_max. (electricity in, electric power over heating element out) after 30 min. Of operation. • For part load: determine static power Pstatic for each type of tapping • Start-up time tstart to reach useful water temperature for each tapping (mean of at least 3 tests per tapping) at prescribed flow rate • Report energy use tapping cycle, assuming that • Ploss is linearly proportional to Pstatic and • Power consumption during tstart is equal to Pstatic for that specific draw-off • Note 1: Does not apply to electric showers • Note 2: If EIWH has energy consumption in between tappings (standby energy) >1% of 24h total, then this has to be added to fulfill the essential requirements

  10. 55ºC 55ºC 55ºC 40ºC Example “M” tapping profile’ (Qref= 5,845 kWh/d) Tm=40°C 6 l/min Tm=40°C 6 l/min 3,6 l/min Tm=10 °C 3,6 l/min Tm=10 °C Unless indicated otherwise Tm=25 °C Flow 3 l./min Tm=10 °C = peak T 55 oC Tm= minimum T before ‘useful

  11. Definition Energy Input: Conventional Definition test gases in Gas Appliances Directive (GAD) 90/396/EEC 1st family: G110-G150 2nd family: G20 – G 25 (15 °C, 1013,25 mbar) 3rd family: G30-G35 gas Heating gas oil: 0,86 C, 0,136 H, 0,002 S in kg/kg Volumetric mass ρ15 at 15 °C: 0,85 kg/dm³ Net calorific value (NCV) Hi= 42,689 MJ/kg Kerosene: 0,85 C, 0,141 H, 0,004 S in kg/kg Density ρ15 at 15 °C: 0,79 kg/dm³ Net calorific value (NCV) Hi= 43,300 MJ/kg N-fraction: between 70-200 mg/kg (for Nox correct to 140 mg/kg) oil electric Voltage 230 V ±1% (0,2% during 1 test), 50 Hz ±1%, power ±0,5%, elapsed time ± 0,1 s

  12. Definition Energy Input: Solar (Direct Method) solar

  13. Definition Energy Input: Heat Pump (Direct Method) ambient Outside air 10,5 °C ±1K/ ±0,3K/ ±0,2K Exhaust air 20 °C (with cap) Brine 2,5 °C ±0,5K/ ±0,2K/ ±0,1K Water 11,5 °C ±0,5K/ ±0,2K/ ±0,1K NOTE: first ± value is permissible deviation of individual test values from set values. Second ± value is permissible deviation of arithmic mean of test values from set values Third ± value is accuracy of measurement.

  14. Definition test conditions • Tambient: 20 °C ±2K • Tcold water: 10 °C ±2K • Flow rate: ± 1% (max deviation from Table C4 values) • pressure cold water: 2-3 bar • Draft free (air speed <0,5 –1,5 m/s) • WH shielded from direct solar radiation • Test room with minimum distances WH to wall and floor • Rapid response thermometer Thot_water output • Flow meter accuracy ± 0,1 l/min • Elapsed time ± 0,1 s

  15. Example: Definition “zero load” condition storage WH X Tstore Stable Zero Load Stable Zero Load (>12h) 20 24h tapping cycle

  16. Indirect method: Solar G >700W/m² tank ia Lat or 45 ° Heat loss UA Volume Vsol Heat exch. Uasol position solpos 4 (x4) Tsysreturn test points Curve fit (least square) η0 , a1, a2 Extra test at incidence angle ia=50°  IAM Measurement aperture Asol Length Lpipesol Loss Upipesol_m Pump+CPU, etc. solaux General Method EN 15316-4-3 Component tests EN 12975-2, EN 12977

  17. Indirect method: Heat Pump Tsnk tank HP Tsrc Ventmix Heat loss Pstbyhp Capacity V40hp Volume Vhp Pump(s)/fan, CPU, etc. hpaux • 4 test points, at least • 2 Tsrc and 2 Tsnk •  Phpnom, COPnom + • matrix corr. factors • Extrapolation + Tsnkmax: • COP [Tsrc, Tsnk] • Php [Tsrc, Tsnk • Extra test 50% part load •  COP50 General Method EN 15316-4-2 Component tests EN 255-3, EN 14511 Note that turndownhp plays no role for WH

  18. Indirect method: Back-up heater Direct Method test At Waterloadmax Result: Qfuelmax Qelecmax Back-up WH Direct Method test At Waterloadmin Result: Qfuelmin Qelecmin Method as direct test methods Linear interpolation

  19. tank Indirect method: Calculation Tsnk HP Back-up WH Tsrc Calculation Method Annex IV

  20. Smart Control Test • 1 “learning week” with smart control disactivated • 1 “smart week” with smart control activated • Tapping pattern both weeks as in table: WHL is selected tapping pattern, WHL-1 is tapping pattern 1 smaller (e.g. If WHL=“M” then WHL-1= “S”) • Difference in energy consumption between 2 weeks must be >10%

  21. For opinion/ discussion • Annex IV could be considerably shorter and the small inconsistencies between the methods could be removed (e.g. on tolerances) if all direct methods in Annex F and G could be harmonised into a universal method, possibly with sub-variants...

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