Animal Cell Organization

1. Animal Cell Organization Learning the Parts of a Cell

2. Cell Basics • All living things are made of cells • There are trillions of cells in your body • New cells are constantly replacing old cells • Cells contain parts called organelles • Plant and animal cells are different but we are going to focus on the animal cell

3. The Building Blocks of Life Cells are small units that hold all of the biological equipment needed to keep an organism alive • Organization • Carry Out Different Functions • Hold Hereditary Information

4. The Different Parts • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • DNA/Chromosomes • Proteins • Ribosomes • Vesicles • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Complex • Vacuoles • Lysosomes

5. There are so many parts, how can we learn them all? Compare the parts of a cell to something easier to understand and more memorable!! How about a Cookie Factory?

6. The Different Parts • Factory Building Walls and Doors • Main Office • Cookies • Baking Ingredients • Cookie Recipe • Packages for Finished Cookies • Machinery and Ovens • Generator for Energy • Conveyor Belts • Machinery to Modify and Package • Jars to store ingredients • Trash system for waste

7. Cell Membrane Factory Walls Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Surrounding border • Separates the inside from the outside • Is semi-permeable and has gates to move things in and out • Made up of a phospholipid bilayer • Surrounding border • Separates the inside from the outside • Has doors and windows to move things in and out • Made of strong building materials phospholipid bilayer

8. Made of proteins and lipids • The phospholipids make the formation • The proteins are found around the holes phospholipid • The heads like water • (hydrophilic) • The tails do not like water • (hydrophobic) • These two layers are what form the bilayer phospholipid bilayer

9. Nucleus Main Office Cookie Factory Equivalent? • The brain of the cell • Houses the hereditary material - DNA • Controls eating, movement and reproduction of the cell • Issues commands to the cell • The brain of the factory • Houses the top secret recipe • Controls the entire cookie making process of the factory • Issues commands to the factory

10. Proteins Cookies Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Major compound of the cell • Essential for continuance of cell • Made from a list of amino acids • Major compound of the factory • Essential for continuance of factory • Made from a list of ingredients

11. Amino Acids Ingredients Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Building blocks of proteins • Different combinations make different proteins • Building blocks of cookies • Different combinations make different cookies

12. Vacuoles Jars Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Storage bubbles of the cell • Store food and nutrients • Storage containers of the factory • Store ingredients and supplies

13. REVIEWWhat have we looked at so far??

14. Cookies Vacuoles Cell Membrane Ingredients Main Office Proteins Jars Amino Acids Match the following:

15. Ribosomes Baking Machinery Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Protein builders • Build chains of amino acids • Located in many places throughout the cell • Can be on the Endoplasmic Reticulum or free floating • Cookie makers • Put ingredients together • Located in many places throughout the factory • Can be part of machinery that mobilizes the product with conveyor belts or separate

16. Conveyor Belts Endoplasmic Reticulum Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Transports the product • Can send the cookies to a storage room • Can send the cookies to a packing room • Packaging system that transports proteins • Smooth ER – storage organelle • Rough ER – synthesis and packaging of proteins

17. Golgi Complex Packaging Machinery Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Package several bags of cookies into large boxes for shipment • Sends the boxes to storage or out for shipment to stores • Gathers simple molecules and combines them to form larger, complex molecules • Stores the large molecules in vesicles for later use or to send them out

18. Boxes Vesicles Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Pinched off of the Golgi membrane • Sent out for transportation of materials • Taken off of the machinery • Sent out for transportation of the product

19. Lysosomes Waste Breakdown and Recycle Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Gets rid of cell waste through digestion • Recycles nutrients and proteins • Cleans up the cell • Gets rid of waste • Recycles reusable goods • Cleans the factory

20. Mitochondria Energy Generator Cookie Factory Equivalent? • System that creates energy for the factory • Number of generators in a factory depends on how much energy is needed • “Powerhouse” that runs the factory • System the creates energy for the cell • Number of mitochondria in a cell depends on how much energy is needed • “Powerhouse” that runs the cell

21. REVIEW IIMore cell parts to remember!

22. Replace the function with the name: Combines small molecules to form larger molecules Protects cell from the outside Controls the cell Protein builders Responsible for cell energy Transports materials Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Nucleus

23. Mighty Mitochondria • Multiple mitochondria in each cell • Takes nutrients and breaks them down into energy • Can grow, move and combine with other mitochondria • Responsible for 90% of energy needed by the body

24. Mitochondria Cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle tissue Heart Without Mitochondria • Cells would not have the energy to survive • Without cells, tissues die • Dead tissues result in organ failure • Without organs, our bodies would fail

25. Mitochondrial Diseases Result from failures of the mitochondria causing less energy to be generated in the cell. Symptoms

26. Mitochondria are very important organelles!! Mitochondria Quiz

27. The Parts Make the Whole • All parts of the cell are important • Cell could not survive without the system • Just like the Cookie Factory