Ancient Utahns: Paleo-Indians to Fremont - The Enigmatic Past of Native Utah Peoples

1. AncientUtahns Paleo, Archaic, Anasazi, and Fremont

2. Ancient Utahns • All of the following Utahns had died off or moved away before any Europeans reached America. (before Columbus discovered America) • We don’t know what they called themselves, but we have named them to help us classify them.

3. 1stPaleo-Indians • Paleo means “very ancient” • Sometimes called Paleoamericans • 45,000-8,000 BCE • There is more we don’t know than we do know • Constantly moved around looking for food

4. Paleo-Indians • Paleo Indians were not unique to Utah • They lived all over North and South America • Paleo is not the name of a specific tribe, but the classification for humans in this area during that time-period

6. Paleo Indian—Nomadic Hunter and Gatherers

7. Time of wooly mammoths and saber tooth tigers

9. Paleo-IndiansHow have we learned about them? • We have found stone that has been formed into tools (spears, grindstones etc) • Discovery of baskets, knives, leather, etc found in locations such as Danger Cave in Western Utah.

10. 2nd Archaic Indians • They lived all over North and South America • 8,000 B.C.-2,000 B.C. • Archaic is not the name of a specific tribe, but the classification for humans in this area during that time-period • Lived after most of the prehistoric animals had died off.

11. Archaic Indians: More Advanced Hunters and Gatherers

12. Archaic Indians in Utah • Are sometimes called “Desert Gatherers” • Moved around to find food

13. Wicki ups

14. Atlatl

15. Archaic IndiansHow do we know about them? • Discovered: • snares, ropes, baskets, sandals, scrapers, clothing made of hides, toys made out of sticks,

16. 3rdAnasazi • Also called: • Ancient ones • Ancient enemies • Ancestral Puebloans • Lived from 2000 B.C. to about 1300 AD

17. AnasazisLived in four corners area

18. Anasazi • Used bow and arrow to hunt deer, mountain sheep, bison, antelope, rabbits etc • Raised turkeys to eat • Grew cotton which they used for making clothing • Also grew corn, squash and beans for food • Gathered seeds, berries, pine nuts, sego lily bulbs, and wild onions.

19. Anasazi People

20. Clay Jug

21. Anasazi • Made baskets, pottery, mats, sandals, headbands out of yucca plant • Carved whistles out of bone • Carved stone into knives with wooden handles • Disappeared around 1300 AD

22. Anasazi

23. AnasaziHow do we know about them? • Discovered their cliff dwellings and pit houses • Discovered storage units full of food • Discovered tools and clothing artifacts • Artwork and crafts

24. At the same time as the Anasazi

25. Fremont People

26. Fremont • Named after the Fremont River where a lot of their artifacts were discovered. • Like all the other indians we’ve talked about today we don’t know what they called themselves.

27. Fremont • Traded with Anasazi • Grew corn, beans and squash next to rivers • Some were full-time hunters • Created pottery, baskets, clay figurines, etc • Disappeared around 1300 A.D.

28. Cliff Artwork

29. More Artwork

30. Pit House

31. Escalante Excavation Site of a Pit House

32. Clay Figures

33. More figures

34. FremontHow do we know about them? • Have discovered their pit houses full of artifacts • Have found evidence of their farming • Wall paintings • Figurines