1 / 48

Web Servers

Web Servers. Who’s running the show? What are they? The big two:. Popular Web Servers. Apache. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_web_server We’re number one!. Apache. Apache HTTP Server , referred to simply as Apache: A web server

rocio
Télécharger la présentation

Web Servers

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Web Servers

  2. Who’s running the show? What are they? The big two: Popular Web Servers

  3. Apache http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_web_server We’re number one!

  4. Apache • Apache HTTP Server, referred to simply as Apache: • A web server • Notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web • Apache • First viable alternative to Netscape Communications Corporation web server • Currently known as Sun Java System Web Server • Evolved to rival other Unix-based web servers • Functionality and performance • Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server on the World Wide Web • September 2007: Apache served 50% of all websites

  5. Apache • Project's name was chosen for two reasons: • Respect for the Native American Indian Apache tribe • Well-known for their endurance and their skills in warfare • Project's root is a set of patches to the codebase of NCSA HTTPd 1.3 • Making it "a patchy" server • Apache is developed and maintained by • Open community of developers • Under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation • Available for a wide variety of OSs • Microsoft Windows • Novell NetWare • Unix-like operating systems • e.g. Linux and Mac OS X • z-OS (IBM mainframe) • and more… • Released under the Apache License • Apache is free software / open source software.

  6. Apache History

  7. History • First version of the Apache web server created by Robert McCool • Heavily involved with the National Center for Supercomputing Applications web server • Known simply as NCSA HTTPd • When Rob left NCSA in mid-1994 • Development of httpd stalled • Left a variety of patches for improvements circulating through e-mails • Rob McCool was not alone in his efforts • Several other developers helped form the original "Apache Group": • Brian Behlendorf, Roy T. Fielding, Rob Hartill, David Robinson, Cliff Skol nick, Randy Terbush, Robert S. Thau, Andrew Wilson, Eric Hagberg, Frank Peters, and Nicolas Pioch

  8. History • Version 2 of the Apache server was a substantial re-write of much of the Apache 1.x code • Strong focus on further modularization and the development of a portability layer, the Apache Portable Runtime • Apache 2.x core - several major enhancements over Apache 1.x: • UNIX threading • Better support for non-Unix platforms • New Apache API • IPv6 support • First alpha release of Apache March 2, 2000 • First general availability release on April 6, 2002 • Version 2.2 introduced a new authorization API that allows for more flexibility • Also features improved cache modules and proxy modules

  9. Features

  10. Features • Apache supports a variety of features • Many implemented as compiled modules • Extend the core functionality • Range from: • server-side programming language support - to - • authentication schemes • Common language interfaces support • mod_perl, mod_python, Tcl, and PHP • Popular authentication modules include • mod_access, mod_auth, and mod_digest

  11. Features • Other features include: • SSL and TLS support • mod_ssl • A proxy module • A useful URL rewriter • AKA a rewrite engine, implemented under mod_rewrite • Custom log files • mod_log_config • Filtering support • mod_include • mod_ext_filter • Apache logs can be analyzed • via web browsers with free scripts • AWStats/W3Perl • Visitors

  12. Features • Virtual hosting allows one Apache installation to serve many different actual websites • For example, one machine, with one Apache installation could simultaneously serve: • www.example.com • www.test.com • test47.test-server.test.com • And more… • Apache features • Configurable error messages • DBMS-based authentication databases • Content negotiation • Also supported by several graphical user interfaces (GUIs) • Permit easier, more intuitive configuration of the server

  13. Usage

  14. Usage • Apache is the Web server component of the popular XAMPP Web server application stack • Partners • OS • Linux - LAMPP • Windows - WAMPP • Mac OS X - MAMPP • Web Server • Apache • Database • MySQL • MariaDB • Programing Language • PHP • Perl • Python

  15. Usage • Apache can serve both static content and dynamic Web pages • Many web applications are designed expecting the environment and features that Apache provides

  16. Usage • Apache is redistributed as part of various proprietary software packages including the • Oracle Database • IBM WebSphere application server • Mac OS X integrates Apache • Its built-in web server • Support for its WebObjects application server • It is also supported by Borland • Kylix and Delphi development tools

  17. Usage • Apache used for many tasks where content needs to be available in a secure and reliable way • Sharing files from a personal computer over the Internet • User who has Apache installed on their desktop can put arbitrary files in the Apache's document root which can then be shared • Programmers developing web applications • Locally installed version of Apache • Preview and test code as it is being developed

  18. License

  19. License • Software license • From the Apache Foundation • Distinctive part of the Apache HTTP Server's history • Apache License allows distribution of both open and closed source derivations of the source code • Free Software Foundation does not consider the Apache License to be compatible with version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL) • Software licensed under the Apache License cannot be integrated with software that is distributed under the GPL

  20. License • Free software license: • Incompatible with the GPL • Has a specific requirement that is not in the GPL • Has certain patent termination cases that the GPL does not require • Version 3 of the GPL includes a provision • (Section 7e) allows it to be compatible with licenses that have patent retaliation clauses, including the Apache License • Apache is a registered trademark • May only be used with the trademark holder's express permission

  21. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIS We’re # 2… Microsoft IIS

  22. IIS • Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) • Formerly called Internet Information Server • Set of Internet-based services for servers using Microsoft Windows • World's second most popular web server in terms of overall websites • July 2010: it served 25.87% of all websites and 36.63% of all active websites (Netcraft) • IIS Services currently include servers for: • FTP • SMTP • NTP • NNTP • HTTP/HTTPS

  23. History of IIS • Initially released as additional set of Internet based services for Windows NT 3.51 • Has gone through a series of enhancements as Windows changed

  24. History of IIS • Current shipping versions of IIS: • 10 • Windows Server 2016 • Windows 10 • 8.5 • Windows Server 21012 R2 • Windows 8.1 • 8.0 • Windows Server 2012 • Windows 8 • 7.5 • Windows 7 • Windows Server 2008 R2 • 7.0 • Windows Vista • Windows Server 2008

  25. History of IIS • Windows Vista and 7 do not install IIS by default • Can be selected among the list of optionally installed components • IIS 7.0 on Vista does not limit the number of connections allowed • Restricts performance based on active concurrent requests

  26. Security

  27. Security • Early versions of IIS had many vulnerabilities • Chief among them CA-2001-19 • Led to the infamous Code Red worm

  28. Security • IIS 7.0 the components were modularized • Only the required components need be installed • Further reducing the attack surface • Security features such asURLFiltering were added • Rejects suspicious URLs based on a user defined rule set

  29. Authentication mechanisms

  30. Authentication mechanisms • IIS 5.0 and higher support the following authentication mechanisms: • Basic access authentication • Digest access authentication • Integrated Windows Authentication • .NET Passport Authentication

  31. Internet Information Services 7.0

  32. Internet Information Services 7.0 • Debuted with Windows Vista • Included in Windows Server 2008 • IIS 7.0 features a modular architecture • Instead of a monolithic server which features all services • IIS 7 has a core web server engine • Modules offering specific functionality can be added to the engine to enable its features • Advantages • Only the features required need be enabled • The functionalities can be extended by using custom modules

  33. Internet Information Services 7.0 • IIS 7 ships with a handful of modules • Microsoft will make other modules available online • Following sets of modules ship with the server: • HTTP Modules • Security Modules • Content Modules • Compression Modules • Caching Modules • Logging and Diagnostics Modules • Integrates with the new configuration store • New management environment

  34. Internet Information Services 7.0 • Significant change from previous versions: • All web server configuration information is stored solely in XML configuration files • Instead of in the metabase • Server has a global configuration file • Provides defaults • Each virtual web's document root (and any subdirectory thereof) may contain a web.config • Containing settings that augment or override the defaults

  35. Internet Information Services 7.0 • Changes to these files take effect immediately • Marks a significant departure from previous versions whereby web interfaces, or machine administrator access, were required to change simple settings such as default document, active modules and security/authentication • Eliminates the need to perform metabase synchronization between multiple servers in a farm of web servers

  36. Internet Information Services 7.0 • Features a completely rewritten administration interface • Takes advantage of modern MMC features such as • Task panes • Asynchronous operation • Configuration of ASP.NET is more fully integrated into the administrative interface.

  37. nginx

  38. nginx • NGINX Plus is the web server, reinvented • World’s most popular open source web server for high-traffic websites • NGINX Plus adds enterprise-ready features • load balancing • session persistence • monitoring • advanced management

  39. nginx • High-performance HTTP Server • Delivers web and video assets with • Unparalleled speed • Maximizing performance and efficiency • Web Accelerator • Provides SSL and SPDY acceleration • HTTP connection optimization • High-performance caching • HTTP compression • Application Gateway • PHP, Ruby, Java and other application types supported • Supports FastCGI, uWSGI and HTTP Proxy interfaces • Load Balancer and Application Delivery solution • Gives • reliability • control • consistent performance for HTTP and TCP applications.

  40. The "spiel" • The following from • http://nginx.com/products/?_bt=66902162345&_bk=nginx&_bm=b&gclid=CNy26dbm5MMCFWRk7AodWwoAXw

  41. Capability • Future-proof, IPv6-ready reverse proxy with: • Load balancing • High availability • For: • HTTP and TCP services • Application request routing • Content acceleration and caching

  42. Predictability • Works predictably, without spikes, on: • Low power chipsets • Virtual machines with limited RAM • Eliminate unexpected issues with operations • Reduce infrastructure costs

  43. Simplicity • Flexible, logical, easily scalable setup • Ten lines of directives enable: • Load balancing - or - • Static content delivery • Don’t waste engineering hours on tweaking unreadable configurations

  44. nginx • Virtualized • Built to optimize CPU and memory resource utilization. • Extremely efficient in virtualized public and private cloud environments • Pay less, get more

  45. nginx • Automation • Easily automated with tools like Puppet and Chef • Can be managed by independent development teams • Shift engineering focus from maintenance to innovation

  46. Scalability and Performance • Serves • Million users or more per server • Tens of thousands of requests per second • Best in class multi-tenancy for virtual hosts • Easily scales for unparalleled efficiency

  47. Summary

  48. Summary • Concentrated on HTTP servers • Apache and IIS are the main web serving tools • Apache still king • IIS Up and down, wandering • Nginx is a rising contender • Usage tracked • Netcraft Web Server Survey

More Related