Growth and Prosperity

1. Growth and Prosperity Georgia’s population grew as well from 83,000 in 1790 to 692,000 in 1840. By the time of the first U.S. Census (an official count of people in an area) in 1790 to 1840 the country had grown in population from 4 million to 17 million.

2. The Move West • In order to keep peace with the Native American Tribes, the government ordered Americans not to move west of the Appalachian Mountains. • The discovery of an old Indian path in the Appalachians called the Cumberland Gap allowed colonists to move their wagons westward

3. Cumberland Gap 13 States Indian Land

4. Louisiana Purchase 1803 The Largest Land Gain in History Doubled the Size of the U.S. France sold it to the U.S. for 15 million Dollars or $. 3 1803 Today Average Property Value . 3 $20,000 Acres of Land X 52,991,780 52,991,780 Total 15,000,000 1,059,835,600,000

5. What were the French thinking? $1,059,835,600,000 That’s over 1 Trillion Dollars D’Oh

6. BEST REAL ESTATE DEAL IN HISTORY!!!

7. After the Louisiana Purchase people began to rapidly move west for several reasons but the #1 Reason was Cheap Land.

8. Review Questions • How much did the United States pay for the Louisiana Purchase? • By how much did the United States grow after the purchase? • How many people were living in the United States at 1790? How many in 1840? • What is your best guess on why so many people moved south? What were they looking for?

9. Although Georgia had a lot of land very few people lived in it, most of the land was inhabited by Native Americans, such as Creeks and Cherokees Georgia’s Land Area Expands

10. Natives Get a Bad Deal • Many Creek and Cherokee Indians went into debt with the settlers • The native Americans were pressured/ forced to cede (give up) even more land as more and more people were coming into Georgia. • Indians ceded 2 million acres in the Back Country (land far from inhabited towns)

11. Distributing Public Land • Georgia decided it would be better to give the new Indian land away than to sell it. • They decided that they would rather have more people move to Georgia than they would make from selling it. Any ideas why? • Selling land brings PEOPLE • Giving land away encourages MORE PEOPLE WHO WILL STAY a long time & invest in the future of the state. • GEORGIA DECIDES TO GIVE LAND AWAY (Remember the land belonged to the natives)

12. Headright System • The 1st system for distributing land • A system for giving away plats (map of land lot’s boundaries) of land. • The head of the household got 200 acres • Each member of the household got 50 acres • No more than 1000 acres • Veterans from the Revolution got more land.

13. Each person wanted the best land. • Because of this many Headright lands were often irregularly shaped as everyone wanted to have the best land.

14. Land Lotteries • Georgia got rid of the Headright System of giving away land and decided on a land lottery: a contest to win land. • Each citizen entered into a drawing for up to 160 Acre lots of land.

15. Lottery Rules Live in Georgia for 12 months You have to be at least 21 years old You can only enter once

16. Lottery Continued • People were drawn at random • The winners of the lottery were called, “fortunate drawers.” • The winners could do whatever they wanted to with the land • Gold was discovered on Cherokee land in Dahlonega, Georgia so those lots were only 40 acres • Pay recording fee of 4 cent an acre • 5 more lotteries held over the next 30 years.

18. Georgia’s Capital Moves Atlanta 1868 As more people moved to Georgia, the capital moved to be close to the center of the population. Augusta 1786 Milledgeville 1807 Louisville 1796 Savannah 1733

19. S.A.L.M.A.- Georgia’s 5 Capitals • REMEMBER • S.A.L.M.A • Savannah • Augusta • Louisville • Milledgeville • Atlanta

20. Yazoo Land Fraud • Much of land to the west of Georgia belonged to the Native Americans • Natives did not believe in owning land. • Businessmen asked state officials about buying the state owned land near the Mississippi River • The Businessmen were called speculators: people who buy land cheap and sell high Speculators buy Sell

21. Yazoo Land Fraud continued • This is legal except when government officials are bribed (they took money) to pass a law making the land available for sale. • Four companies bribed Governor George Matthews and state lawmakers to pass a law allowing them to buy between 35-50 million acres for 1.5 cents an acre!!!! • The land speculators then sold the land to individuals and made HUGE profits.

22. Yazoo Land Fraud • All of these deals were done without the people of Georgia knowing and the citizens were outrage. • The deal was repealed (abolished, taken back)& the law burned at the state capitol • Many people who bought the land were refunded money • Some refused to take the refund and fought up to the Supreme Court where they were paid more money than they bought the land for by the Federal Government

23. What about the Indians? • Once the Yazoo Land Fraud was repaired the question remained: What about the Indians? • The national government agreed to pay Georgia $1,250,000 and promised to remove the Native Americans. • By 1802, Georgia’s western border becomes the Chattahoochee River

24. Georgia • Georgia gives up its land westward to create two new states Mississippi 1817 Alabama In 1819

26. Government Encourages Economic Growth • With the Indians moved westward Georgia was attracting more people and more $ came with them • The soil in the new land was perfect for growing cotton and people came to get rich. • What is the relationship between gaining more land and soil good for growing cotton?

27. TECHNOLOGY TRANSPORTATION 2 REASONS FOR GEORGIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH

28. Eli Whitney’s Cotton En(GIN)e • Eli Whitney's invention allowed the cotton seeds to be easily separated from the pod • His machine could generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states.

29. HOW THE COTTON GIN WORKS • http://www.eliwhitney.org/cotton/patent.htm

30. Railroads • The train helped to deliver goods such as cotton to market faster and cheaper so they could be sold. • TIME = MONEY • Transportation like the train was needed because many cotton plantations were far away from rivers and streams. • The state got involved with railroad building because it was very expensive and the money to build them was limited.

31. By 1833, Georgia Chartered two railroads to be built. • By 1838, the track was completed from Augusta to Greensboro, and on to Madison and Athens 3 years later. • The most effective RR was the Western & Atlantic (W&A)

32. Atlanta is Born • Original name of the city was Terminus (means end of the railroad line) southeast of the Chattahoochee River • The end of the W&A was then called Marthasville after the daughter of the ex-governor Wilson Lumpkin. • By 1847, the town exceeded 400 people and a new name was needed. • The chief engineer of the W&A suggested Atlanta after the Atlantic in the name W&A. • The name was officially changed from Marthasville to Atlanta

33. “Gate City” • Atlanta was nicknamed the “Gate City” because it is in between the Atlantic seaboard and the Midwest. • Still a Gate City for travel and transport with the interstate system and the busiest airport in the world, Hartsfield Jackson International.

34. U.GA. IS BORN! • With all the growth in Georgia, the state decided education was important and it needed a university. • In 1784, the General Assembly set aside 40,000 acres of land for higher education. • On January2 7, 1785, the University of Georgia was incorporated by the General Assembly. • It became the first state chartered university in America.

35. GO DAWGS!!

36. Review Questions • What did Georgia do to help steamboats? • Why were trains important to plantations? • What was Georgia first called? • Why was Georgia called the “Gate City?”

37. Religious Activities • Anglicans, Quakers, and Methodist circuit riders (traveling ministers for frontier dwellers) grew in number • Many Baptists in Georgia, Georgia Baptist Convention created • Georgia’s first Roman Catholic Church established in Wilkes County in 1796 • Savannah had active Jewish synagogue • As more towns were established, churches become central to community life • In other parts of America, the Mormon church and the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) churches were started

38. GROWTH HAS ITS PRICE • NEXT UP, COERCED/ FORCED REMOVAL OF THE CREEK AND CHEROKEE INDIANS • WITH MORE LAND AND THE INVENTION OF THE COTTON GIN, THE MORE NEED FOR SLAVES IN THE SOUTH