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How did Stalin change Russia? 1 – The Economy

How did Stalin change Russia? 1 – The Economy. 1927-39. Connector.

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How did Stalin change Russia? 1 – The Economy

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  1. How did Stalinchange Russia?1 – The Economy 1927-39

  2. Connector It is 1928. You are Stalin and have now become leader of the USSR. Despite the efforts of Lenin and the NEP Russia is still economically backward. Its industry lags behind other Western countries and farms still produce insufficient food for the country. You are also suspicious of foreign countries like Britain and France who tried to end the Communist experiment during the Civil War. What do you do to improve industry and agriculture in your country?

  3. Outcomes • All will know Stalin’s main economic policies • Most will understand the key features and consequences of these collectivisation and the Five Year Plans • Some will be able to analyse the successes and failures of collectivisation and the Five Year Plans

  4. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXGThPeOJu4 • Watch this 5 minute video on collectivisation and the Five Year Plans and cross off all the words you hear on your ‘video bingo’ card.

  5. What were the economic aims of collectivisation? • Improve efficiency & productivity • Small peasant farms merged into single larger farms (kolkhoz) and state farms (sovkhoz) • Greater provision of seeds, tractors & machinery • Produce sold to state at fixed prices What is the main message behind this Soviet propaganda poster?

  6. What were the political aims? • ‘Kulaks’ benefited from NEP • Govt. launched propaganda campaign against kulaks • 25,000 party workers used to suppress opposition • Collectivisation helped Stalin to extend political influence to countryside Why did kulaks, like the one in this poster, supposedly resist collectivisation so fiercely?

  7. What were the effects? • Pace of collectivisation was too fast (1929-30, tried to collectivise 60% of farms) • Peasants killed livestock & hoarded grain rather than hand it over to kolkhoz • Food production fell causing famine • By 1941 almost all land in USSR collectivised • Kulaks murdered or interned Faced with such enormous human loss, how do you think Stalin would have justified collectivisation?

  8. The image Children studying in a Collective school

  9. Tractors on a kolkhoz

  10. Crèche facilities on a kolkhoz

  11. New machinery being used on a Collectivised farm

  12. The reality Negative impacts of Collectivization – Peasants caught with human body parts – Cannibalism as a result of famine

  13. Starving child in the arms of his mother

  14. How successful was Collectivisation? • Read through the worksheet and answer the questions.

  15. Five Year Plans In 1931, Stalin said: We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We need to make up that gap in ten years. Either we do this or they will crush us. In order to catch up, Stalin thought that Russia needed to industrialize. A central government organization called GOSPLAN set ambitious targets for each factory to meet over a number of five-year periods. Peasants were forced to move to the towns to work in the factories. Workers were punished for lateness but rewarded with better pay if they exceeded targets.

  16. Who were the Stakhanovites? • Ukranian miner, Alexei Stakhanov • 1935, Stakhanov excavated 102 tons during a six-hour shift (average 7 tons) • Stakhanvoites received better housing, health care, wages & free holidays Why was Stakhanov such a popular hero for Russians at this time?

  17. How successful were they? Now go through the worksheet and answer the questions.

  18. Discuss • Which was more successful, Collectivisation or the Five Year Plans? • What about the human cost?

  19. Exam question What was the main reason for the modernisation of Russia under Stalin? Explain your answer. (16 marks) You may use the following information to help you with your answer: • The Stakhanovite Movement • Gosplan • The Five-Year Plans • Collectivisation

  20. Sample answer One of the main reasons for the modernisation of Russia was without doubt the Stakhanovite movement. Stalin set up this system in Russia based on the epic production of Stakhanov, who dug more than ten times the amount of coal which other miners dug on average. Stalin gave awards to others who produced high amounts in the form of holidays and wages. It could be argued that the Stakhanovites were the main reason for the successful modernisation of Russia by Stalin because it motivated people to raise production a key aspect of Stalin’s bid for modernisation.

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