= resources

1. People must have access to resources in order to survive = resources = person 4.The eco-system must permit change t o occur. This means one must prepare the soil, before one plants the seed! How does one do this? When resources are scarce, there is competition for them

2. People form groups and connections in order to avoid competition and become more efficient in capturing resources. Cooperation tames the eco-system group v group Competition results with no co-op group

3. ALL MACRO METHODS ARE BUILT UPON ALL OF THE MICRO-METHODS (ATTENDING SKILLS, INTERPRETATION, CONFRONTATION IMMEDIACY, RE-FRAMING ETC) THAT YOU LEARNED LAST SEMESTER. THE KEY IS RELATIONSHIP-BUILDING! NETWORKS ARE THE BASIS OF MACRO CHANGE! THE POWER OF NETWORKS - networks allow you to have antennae in the environment,; to know what is happening and to modify it, if necessary. The larger and more connected the network, the more opportunity to mobilize power. If you have 4 friends, each of whom have 5 friends, you have 24 links at the first degree of separation. If the 5 friends of your 4 friends each have 5 friends, you have 109 links at the 2nd degree of separation

4. 5. Networks control eco-systems! By connecting the units in an eco-system; one forms a network WEAK NETWORKS ARE OPEN SYSTEMS. THEY ARE MORE EXTENSIVE AND MORE POWERFUL THAN STRONG NETWORKS WHICH ARE CLOSED! If I have 100 friends, each of which has 100 friends, within 2 degrees of separation, I connect with 10,000; 3 degrees = 1,000,000; 4 degrees = 100,000,000; 5 degrees = 9,000,000,000

5. This is A STRONG Network! STRONG NETWORKSCLUSTER! LIKE LIKES LIKE! THEY GENERATE CLOSED SYSTEMS AND ARE MORE LIMITED! USE STRONG NETWORKS TO CREATE WEAK ONES! WOULD YOU WANT A STRONG OR WEAK NETWORK WHEN JOB HUNTING? Real social networks exhibit clustering: the tendency of two individuals who share a mutual friend, to be friends Themselves. Ego has 6 friends, each of whom is friends With at least one other. share a mutual friend, to be friends Themselves. Ego has 6 friends, each of whom is friends With at least one other. HOWEVER, THEY ALSO KNOW SOME PEOPLE YOU DON’T!! THAT IS, USE ‘WHO YOU KNOW’ TO MEET ‘WHO THEY KNOW THAT YOU DON’T!!!!

6. However, a principle of networks is that we are likely to be friends of our 'friends friends'. This is known as clustering! The key to networking is to use your existing relationships to meet 'targeted people who are friends of your friends' Attribution theory tells us that you are much more likely to be accepted as a friend, if you are a friend of a friend.

7. If you were here, what would be the shortest route to Major connections

8. THE POWER OF NETWORKS - networks allow you to have antennae in the environment,; to know what is happening and to modify it, if necessary. The larger and more connected the network, the more opportunity to mobilize power. Because real networks are biased toward clustering (strong relationships-closed systems), you must USE them TO CREATE ‘weak relationships’. The key to networking is to use your existing relationships to meet 'targeted people who are friends of your friends' Attribution theory tells us that you are much more likely to be accepted as a friend, if you are a friend of a friend. Please see your next assignment!!! One uses strong ties to make weak ties in order to extend as much as possible into a network. One can network with people who have equal, less or more amounts of power. Generally, networks are made up of 1. Professionals, 2. Power-brokers, 3. Clients/relatives 4. informal helpers 5. Unique cont-ributors

9. The power of small worlds – Small world theory Stan Milgram was a research psychologist whose goal was to Find the DISTANCE between any two people in the U.S. He basically, mailed instructions RANDOMLY to 160 people Throughout the U.S. The instructions stated that they were to ‘make sure’ a message ‘got to’ a particular person at Harvard Whose name was given in the instructions. The ‘subjects’ were To ‘mail the message to “someone they knew, who they thought Might know the target person named in the instructions. 42 of the 160 made it to the target person with an average of 5.5 Links; some with as few as 2. This is the origination of 6 degrees of separation!! The point is that the world – by virtue of rational and planned Action – is much smaller than we think. We are all connected. Small world theory drives ‘networking’

10. What are the factors involved in influencing others? • A researcher by the name of Asch presented a group with the following question: • Which line to the right is most like the Line on the left? Unbeknownst to one of the group, all other members were told to pick this one. In all cases of the exp., the one who didn’t know eventually chose the same line as the others. In instances where some of the group members were told to pick this one, the one who didn’t know chose it as well. What does that tell you?

11. Group pressure, peer pressure and other forms of social Influence are extremely powerful factors in helping to shape People’s beliefs and behaviors There is also a tipping point at which ideas, practices, And beliefs become generally accepted. This ‘tipping point’ Appears to be related to a critical mass of people – including hubs, connectors and early adopters – accepting the idea!

12. “Hubs” are those Who are Well-connected And have influence you Although “hubs” can increase your influence, You must compete with others in order to Influence them. “Getting you ‘foot in the door is The name of the game!

13. AN EFFECTIVE network is an extensive network. An extensive Network is a diverse network. A diverse network is a Network comprised of different power ratings. Horizontal linkages (the same amount of power/influence; similar focus Vertical linkages (differing amounts of power/influence; differing Focus Steps in networking 1. Always be prepared 2. Use existing connections 2. Go where new connection want 3. Go for agreement (focus on commonalities) w/ nc 4. Show that you value them (nc) 5. Show your value to them 6. Make sure they owe you

14. Network building is an ongoing task. One uses existing networks; often strong connections, in order to build new ones (often weak connections). Of course any weak connection can be turned into a strong one! An issue in rural areas with networks is DUAL RELATIONSHIPS Because of the nature of networking, many of the people in my network may be friends, business associates etc.

15. The paradox is that dual relationships are essential in Networking! They may involve clients, colleagues, community leaders, Politicians, business folks, natural helpers, relatives of Clients agency supervisors/administrators; even superstars. Anyone can be part of your network!!! But you must manage the cloudiness of the relationship!!!

16. It used to be that all dual relationships were prohibited. What we know now is that 1. In rural areas they are unavoidable 2. In networking they are useful but dangerous 3. Not all dual relationships are bad 4. Those that are not bad should be ‘managed’ rather than prohibited. Here are some relevant dimensions Exploitation<--------------------------------------------->Empowerment Increased power disparity<----------------------------->Decreased power disparity Client Vulnerability<------------------------------------>Client Immunity Risk to worker<------------------------------------------>Benefits to worker Clouding of professional relationship<--------------->Clarity in professional relationship Personal gain of worker------------professional gain of client/program Furthers personal interest----------furthers professional goals for others The BASE STANDARD is EXPLOITATION!!!!

17. PRINCIPLES OF ROLE THEORY THAT ARE • HELPFUL IN UNDERSTANDING DUAL RELATIONSHIPS • As incompatibility of expectations increases between roles, so does the potential for misunderstanding and harm. • As the obligations of different roles diverge, the potential for divided loyalties and loss of objectivity increases. • 3. As the power and prestige between the professional and the consumer roles increase, so does the potential for exploitation and an inability on the part of consumers to remain objective about their own best interests.

18. 4. Look for areas of role overlap. • Identify potential role congruity and role conflict. • Look for role integration. Role integration refers here to the degree to which the anticipated roles in the dual relationship are in accord with the agency, client, community and cultural standards. • Flag potential or actual role reversal.

19. using client for child care at church services use client's influence to get human service contract Exploitive attending the same political action group enrolling one's child in client run day care Essential joint participation in a charity effort aid client in development of vocational project Enhance/Empower A WAY TO CLASSIFY DUAL RELATIONSHIPS Naturally OccurringContrived