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Fair play a concept of the Victorian Era made up of ethnics and the spirit of sport. Destroyed by the overcoming thought of winning at any cost, many arguing what the true spirit is with issues of violence, drug and alcohol abuse resulting in cheating on and off the playing fields.
Violence in Sport Key Terms: Aggression- hostile, injurious, or destructive behavior or outlook especially when caused by frustration Instrumental aggression- Athlete is injured as a side effect in aggressors attempt to achieve goal.Hostile aggression- Deliberate with intention of hurting to obtain a goal. Violence-the exercise or an instance of physical force, usually intended to cause injuries, destruction. Powerful, untamed, or devastating force
What Causes Violence in Sport? • Emotional intensity • Higher athletic salaries • Increased ticket sales • Athletic idolization • Teams are at different levels or standings • Incompetent or biased officials • Strong attachment to team • Low scoring games • Fans having unrealistic and high expectations of team • Fouls/penalties early in the game • Media • Inherent qualities of sport
Spectator Violence Spectator vs. Spectator This type of violence is often seen when the game is already violent, fan loyalty, infatuation with athlete, when spectators are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
Violence Against Officials and Coaches This violence consists of the kicking, screaming, yelling, hitting and threatening to coaches and officials by the teams their selves and the fans around them.Provoked by:unwanted callspoor performanceBad callsMissed calls Bench time
Violence Against Athletes Fans to Athletesverbal and physical abusechanting, threats, attacks Coaches to Athletes Verbal and physical abuse “pep talks”, threats, lashing out
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebZVMc0NKZs&feature=related Inherent Qualities Roles in Violence Some qualities that are inherent to sports : Intimidation Has always been a part of sport but how the action is perceived can lead to violenceAggression in a sportive mannerClean hits, blockingDetermination Main goal to win ! Competitiveness
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3RgqG-hJcQ&feature=related Promotion of Violence MEDIA Posters TV Ads Shows Radio
What is Being Done to Stop the Violence • Canadian Strategy for Ethnical Conduct in Sport • Canadian Center for Ethnics in Sport • Suspensions • Loss of Contract
Drug Abuse in Sport Athletes will always strive to win, going to any means to achieve that goal. Drugs enhance the athletes ability to perform, and improve their chances of winning.
Drug Abuse in Sport Cont’d • Key Terms:recreational drugs- drugs taken voluntary for personal please rather then medical purpose (alcohol, marijuana)Pharmacological AidsSteroids – increase lean muscle massErythropoietin EPO-increase levels of hemoglobinBeta Blockers- slows heart rate and relaxes blood flowHuman Growth Hormone- increase muscle mass, bone strength, aerobic endurance and limit weight gainPhysiological AidsBlood doping- taking out red blood cells, reinjection prior to activity increasing hemoglobin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta70OIz_b_c&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta70OIz_b_c&feature=player_embedded History • Stimulants, such as cocaine and heroin, were the first ever drugs to be used in order to enhance speed. • The Germans were the first to manufacture steroids which they used on dogs at first, but then progressed to prisoners in concentration camps. The reason being that it allowed them to work while being malnourished.
History Cont’d • Right after WWII and with the rise of the Cold War there was increased pressure to gain supremacy over other nations in all aspects, including sports. Russian and other European athletes were the first to recognize the profound advantages of using steroids. • A key example was the situation in East Germany. Athlete teenage girls, as little as 10 years old, were injected with banned substances, such as steroids. These aggressive and cruel regimes were conducted by corrupt officials who treated these individuals as mere tools to prove political supremacy at the national level.
History Cont’d • In this same time period (late 1950s), came the disclosure of the vast side effects presented by the use of steroids. However, this did not stop the off the charts use of them. For instance, the East German women’s swimming team astoundingly won eleven gold medals in 13 events. • In the end, the organizers of such schemes were revealed and served some time behind bars. Meanwhile, the athletes who were victimized experienced severe health problems.
Drug Policy “Athletes are ultimately responsible for anything that is found in their bodies.”Paul Melia (head of the CCES) • According to the policy any athlete found using “an substance or method banned by the International Olympic Committee, or prohibited by the International Sport Governing Body” will have their performance records exterminated. • The policy does not account for the notion of ignorance; the question if you are aware of the fact banned substances have entered your body by any means does not arise with accordance to this policy, if it is there you are guilty
With • If the average person has the luxury of making choices of worthwhile risks to health (i.e. increase work performance), so why not athletes? • At the end of the day the athletes are responsible for what is entering their body regardless of external factors or pressures • Better idea to permit doping in sport then keeping it underground, so that it can be medically supervised • The rules set by WADA regarding the spirit of sport violations are ambiguous because carbo-loading is considered ethical and fair, while gene transfer isn’t
Against • Increases the occurrence of athletes facing unanticipated consequences to their health and career due to: • Aggressive tactics used by officials • Studies not able to stay up to date • Increased pressure to level the playing field (‘win at any cost’ mentality) • A multitude of health risks spread over a wide spectrum • Sport competitions are to test the innate talents that have been perfected over time • Hampers the spirit of sport
What’s Being Done • World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) • Canadian Centre for Ethnics in Sport • Drug testing's • Suspensions • Loss of contract • Denied places on teams, and Olympic sports • Deletion of Athletes performance records
Tobacco and Alcohol Sponsorship Alcohol Alcohol, the immediate rival of the tobacco company, has not endured the same fate There is no legislation put in place on alcohol advertisement or sponsorship even though they are attracting many individuals, including youths, who participate in many of the events sponsored by the alcohol company Tobacco • With the ban of Tobacco product advertisements the company went on to sponsoring sporting events in order promote their products • However, with the passing of a legislation (Bill C-71 or Tobacco act) it was put to an end • Other national organizations have tried to the same thing, but found that many governments are resistant • With Tobacco Sponsorship: • Without “tobacco dollars” it would hard to sustain many sports events, such as the men’s and women’s tennis tournament sponsored by Maurier (cigarette company) • Against: • Smoking is bad for health and it should not be promoted in the public, especially minors, which would against the legislation that individuals other the age of 16 cannot smoke
Gambling and Cheating in Sport Key Terms: Cheating-deceit, fraud, lying, practiced by violating rules and regulations, Gambling- Betting on sporting events; highly addictiverecruitment violations-doingmore then simply providing scholarships to get the best athletes, bribery.Corruption of officials and judges- bribes, intimidation, threats to further an athletes career.
Discussion In a world that measures performance what would you choose? How Far Would You Go ? In your own words, what is fair play to you? Should an Athlete be striped of medal if using recreational drugs?
