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Revolution and Religion: The French Revolution and the Church Conflict

Explore the tumultuous relationship between the French Revolution and the Catholic Church, from defiance to persecution, leading to the struggle for religious freedom under Napoleon's rule. Witness the dramatic clash of ideologies and power dynamics that shaped a pivotal era.

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Revolution and Religion: The French Revolution and the Church Conflict

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  1. Chapter 17 The French Revolution

  2. From Revolution to Republic Part I

  3. The First Estate • Clergy • Divided between wealthy • Influential clerics and poor parish priests

  4. The Second Estate • Nobles • Exempted themselves from taxation • Refused to modernize the economic structure

  5. The Third Estate • 97% of the population • Could not claim nobility • Exempted themselves from taxes (bourgeoisie) • Poor/urban workers and rural peasants

  6. Estates General • Came together to organize the three estates (by the nobility) • The first and third estate rejected the nobility

  7. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • All men are equal/have rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance • Opened the persecution of the Church • Could practice any religion

  8. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy • Church property/wealth seized to help balance budget • Clergy could not leave their parishes for more than two weeks • Outlawed the publication of papal documents

  9. Bl. Fr. William Chaminade • Bordeaux, France • Defied Civil Constitution of the Clergy • Underground • Formed Society of Mary (Marianist)

  10. Bl. Fr. William Chaminade • Christians needed to bring the story of Jesus/Good News to life through their daily activities • Example to follow: Mary • …do whatever He tells you.

  11. Venerable Sr. Adele • Daughters of Mary Immaculate • Created female lay communities/ convent • United with Fr. Chaminade in face of persecution

  12. Marie Thèrése • Gathered parishioners for prayer, religious instruction, spiritual guidance, secret Masses • Spent time counseling Prostitutes after the Revolution

  13. The Death of Louis XIV and the Age of the Revolutionary Republic Part II

  14. The “De-Christianization” of France • The Reign of Terror • Missionary Reps: • Closed down Churches /basilicas • Killed priests who tried to flee • Seized the Cathedral of Notre Dame/dedicated it to the “Goddess of Reason”

  15. Deistic Religion • Mass replaced with civil ceremonies. • Pagan Cults centered upon justice, liberty, and equality • Saint’s days were replaced with festivals dedicated to justice, etc.

  16. The Directory • Extremely hard on the Church • Oppressed priests who would not take an Oath to the Republic • Refused to replace bishops • Reigned under Napoleon

  17. Pope Pius VII • Goal: To revive the Christian Faith • Sympathized with the movement for liberty/equality/justice • Saw that the French were using unjust means to gain rights • Christ is the fulfillment of these rights

  18. Napoleon Bonaparte Part III

  19. Concordat of 1801 • Guaranteed the free and public practice of Catholicism • Civil authorities could only interject in matters of public safety • Bishops reduced • Napoleon could nominate bishops • France agreed to compensate the Church for loss of property

  20. The Organic Articles • Prohibited the publication of papal documents/council decrees without consent from the government • Gallican Catechism • Limited the administrative powers of the bishops

  21. Emperor Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • “Napoleonic Code” • Religious denominations equal • Freedom of religious practices • Civil marriage and divorce • Church heavily restricted

  22. Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • Pope Pius: • Asked to annul Napoleon’s brother’s marriage • Refused to join Continental System

  23. Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • Napoleon: • Threatened to abolish priestly celibacy • Suppressed religious orders • Established a French Patriarch • Ordered troops to Rome

  24. Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • Napoleon: • Seized papal states • Assumed jurisdiction over the pope • Issued a salary to the pope • Restricted papal power • Arrested/excommunicated the pope

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