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Civil Rights Test Review

Civil Rights Test Review. Answers. 1. Explain the role of Rosa Parks in the Civil Rights Movement. 1955- she refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus Afterwards was arrested Led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. 2. Explain the role of Martin Luther King Jr in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Civil Rights Test Review

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  1. Civil RightsTest Review Answers

  2. 1. Explain the role of Rosa Parks in the Civil Rights Movement

  3. 1955- she refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus • Afterwards was arrested • Led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

  4. 2. Explain the role of Martin Luther King Jr in the Civil Rights Movement

  5. Led the Montgomery Bus Boycott • Founded the SCLC • Was arrested for protesting in 1963- writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail” • March on Washington, “I Have a Dream” speech • Assassinated in 1968

  6. 3. Explain the role of President Lyndon B. Johnson in the Civil Rights Movement

  7. He took office after the assassination of President Kennedy • Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (first thing he passed in office) • Passed the voting rights act of 1965 • Issued Executive Order 11246: Affirmative Action • Only president born IN Texas!

  8. 4. Explain the role of Cesar Chavez in the Civil Rights Movement

  9. Cesar Chavez was a leader of the United Farm Workers Movement • Led the boycott against the California grape growers • Followed along with MLK Jr.’s nonviolent views

  10. 5. Explain the role of Malcolm X in the Civil Rights Movement

  11. Malcolm X wanted equal rights for blacks, but he was revolutionary (violent), unlike MLK Jr. • He believed in black supremacy and did not promote integration • Inspired the Black Power Movement

  12. 6. Explain the role of James Meredith in the Civil Rights Movement

  13. First black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi • President Kennedy had to send 5,000 federal troops to control rioting and violence surrounding his enrollment

  14. 7. Explain the role of Stokely Carmichael in the Civil Rights Movement

  15. Leader of the SNCC • Turns more revolutionary with the rise of Malcolm X • Coined the phrase “black power”

  16. 8. Define Brown vs. Board of Education

  17. 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared Plessy vs Ferguson unconstitutional • Segregation is “inherently unequal” and therefore now illegal

  18. Define the Little Rock 9

  19. 9 black students chosen to go to formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas • Blocked from entering by state governor • President Eisenhower sends federal troops to escort and guard the students into the school • Protestors outside threw things, spit on, and shouted names at the kids

  20. 10. Define the Montgomery Bus Boycott

  21. Began in 1955 after Rosa Parks in arrested • Headed by Martin Luther King Jr. – he gains prominence through this • Lasts over a year, bus system loses out on a lot of business/money and so is forced to desegregate • Example of civil disobedience

  22. 11. Define Civil Disobedience

  23. The refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief • Doing so in a nonviolent manner • Protests, marches, sit-ins, freedom rides

  24. 12. Define the Civil Rights Act of 1964

  25. Passed by President Johnson • Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. • Federal government has power to enforce desegregation

  26. 13. Define the Voting Rights Act of 1965

  27. Eliminates literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses that restricted black voting

  28. 14. Define the “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

  29. Written by MLK Jr. while in jail in 1963 • Calls people, civil rights supporters, to unify • Urges the importance of committing nonviolent acts/civil disobedience • Believes that is the only way to end segregation

  30. 15. Define the NAACP

  31. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Founded Feb. 12th, 1909 • Formed in response to the widespread practice of lynching • Pushed for equality for blacks, especially helped out in court cases

  32. 16. Define the SNCC

  33. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • Gave black youths a chance to be involved in the Civil Rights Movement • Planned protests, sit-ins, freedom rides, marches and other nonviolent acts • Turns radical under leadership of Stokely Carmichael

  34. 17. Define the SCLC

  35. Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Founded by Martin Luther King Jr. • Gained more support from white people than the NAACP • Nonviolent group, followed MLK’s path of civil disobedience

  36. 18. Define the Chicano Youth Movement

  37. Founded MAYO • Worked only within their own group • Promoted racial pride and unity in the Mexican-American community • Advocated for the establishment of Mexican-American studies • Wanted to establish social service agencies to help the Mexican-American community • Participated in boycotts, demonstrations and marches

  38. 19. Define the Disabled Rights Movement

  39. Wanted equality, inclusion and independence • Pushed for accommodations for people with disabilities to be added to public facilities • Pushed for disabled youth to be integrated into classrooms with nondisabled students • Used direct-action demonstrations and lobbied school officials

  40. 20. Define the United Farm Workers Movement

  41. Headed by Cesar Chavez • Formed the United Farm Workers union • Pushed for better living and working conditions and wages, and shorter work hours • Wanted greater political and economic power • Boycotted grape growers • Used nonviolent tactics and negotiated with opponents

  42. 21. Define the Women’s Rights Movement

  43. Pushed for full equality for women, including equality of opportunity in education and employment • Wanted to end sex discrimination • Pushed for the establishment of child care centers • Organized NOW to raise awareness • Lobbied Congress and organized demonstrations

  44. 22. Define the Gay Liberation Movement

  45. Advocated for equal rights for gays and lesbians • Desired social acceptance of homosexuality • Participated in protests and demonstrations • Held public offices

  46. 23. Define the American Indian Movement

  47. Founded AIM • Wanted the return of lost lands from broken treaties • Pushed for better conditions for reservations • Sued the federal government for the return of land • Participated in armed occupations of federal buildings and lands that had once belonged to Indians

  48. 24. Define the Asian-American Movement

  49. Successfully used marches and demonstrations to persuade officals to develop Asian studies programs on college campuses • Wanted to establish a common Asian-American identity • Wanted to end negative stereotyping in the media • Wanted to establish numerous community-based programs to serve Asian Americans by providing healthcare, language instruction for recent immigrants, consultation on housing rights, and recreational activities for youth

  50. 25. Define Affirmative Action

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