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Movies

Movies. zimbio.com. Mrs. Bartel Film. cbsnews.com. Motion on Film. Sequential photography Marey & Muybridge, 1877 Kinetoscope Thomas Edison, 1888 William K.L. Dickson Perforated film Sprockets Peepshow viewer Looped on rollers First kinetoscope parlor

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Movies

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  1. Movies zimbio.com Mrs. Bartel Film cbsnews.com

  2. Motion on Film • Sequential photography • Marey & Muybridge, 1877 • Kinetoscope • Thomas Edison, 1888 • William K.L. Dickson • Perforated film • Sprockets • Peepshow viewer • Looped on rollers • First kinetoscope parlor • April 14, 1894 in New York City • Edison's Kinetoscope, open. Film was threaded on rollers as a continuous ribbon. Eadward Muybridge/CORBIS Muybridge Sequential Photography

  3. Cinematographe • Cinematographe 1895 • Auguste and Louis Lumière • Camera and projector • Portable, hand cranked • Projected on a large screen • First motion picture show • Grand Café in Paris December 28, 1895 • 10 short films • “Lunch Hour at the Lumière Factory” Library of Congress Film set in Paris, 1900

  4. Edison and Others • Thomas Arnat’s Vitascope • Edison’s premiere • April 23, 1896 • George Méliès • A Trip to the Moon, 1902 • First “special effects” feature • Trick photography • Edwin S. Porter • Worked for Edison • The Great Train Robbery, 1903 • 12 scenes, dissolves, action Library of Congress

  5. Studio and Spectacle • Biograph, Carl Laemmle • First film studios • Florence Lawrence • First movie star • Studio System • Salaried stars and production staff under exclusive contract • The Birth of a Nation, 1915 • First feature-length film • Controversial big-budget spectacular • D.W. Griffith Chicago Historical Society D. W. Griffith

  6. Movies Become Big Business • The move to Hollywood • From New York • Harry Chandler, LA Times owner, sold the land • Block Booking • Theaters signing up to show dozens of films as a “package” instead of single movies • United Artists, 1919 • Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith • Independent studio run by the stars themselves Chicago Historical Society Fairbanks, Pickford and Chaplin

  7. Early Self Regulation • Hollywood scandals • Roscoe “Fatty” Arbuckle case 1921 • Desmond Taylor Murder 1922 • Catholic Legion of Decency boycott • Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association (MPPDA) • Self-regulatory • Will Hays “Hays Office” 1922 • Oversaw movie content Chicago Historical Society Roscoe “Fatty” Arbuckle

  8. MPPDA 1930 Production Code • May not lower the moral standard of viewers • Proper standards of life • Respect for law • Murder should not inspire imitation • No excessive kissing, embracing • No shade of obscenity • Modest dancing costumes • Film displays seal of approval Chicago Historical Society Will Hays

  9. Arrival of the “Talkies” • The Vitaphone Preludes, 1926 • Seven shorts with sound • Warner Bros. and Western Electric • The Jazz Singer, 1927 • Al Jolson • First feature-length “talkie” • Synchronized sound recording • By 1933, talkies dominate completely Bettmann/CORBIS Paul Robeson, Early African-American Actor

  10. Rise of the Movie Moguls • 1930s Big Five • Warner Brothers • Metro-Goldwin-Mayer • Paramount • RKO • 20th Century Fox • 2/3 of ticket sales • Vertically integrated • Owned production and distribution • Production “stables” • stars, directors, writers and staff Library of Congress/Gotscho-Schleisner Collection RKO Theater Stand, 1930

  11. Disney and Depression • Steamboat Willie 1928 • Walt Disney • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, 1937 • First full-length animated feature • The Depression • Bingo nights • Dish nights • Double features • Labor unions • Screen Actors Guild • 1937 • Screen Writer’s Guild • Director’s Guild Library of Congress Chicago Movie Theater, ‘40s

  12. The Golden Age of Movies • MGM reigns supreme • Blockbusters • The Wizard of Oz- 1939 • Musical • Gone with the Wind– 1939 • Magnificent use of color • CitizenKane- 1941 • Orson Welles • We will watch this film later to understand its impact! Reelclassics.com Gone with the Wind

  13. Congress and the Courts • The House Un-American Activities Committee • The Cold War • Suspected communists • The Hollywood Ten, 1947 • Blacklisting • U.S v. Paramount Pictures, 1948 • Limit block booking to five • Stop blind booking • Stop requiring short film rentals • Stop buying theaters University of Southern California/Fisher Collection The “Hollywood Ten”

  14. Movies vs. Television • 1950s Television boom • 4000 theaters closed • Wide-Screen and 3-D Movies • Cinemascope and stereophonic sound • Changes in Censorship • 1952, 1st Amendment protection extended to film • Sex and violence added • Spectaculars • The Sound of Music • Blockbuster hunt Pam Roth/sstock.xchnge

  15. Movie Ratings • MPAA - Motion Pictures Association of America Movie Ratings, 1966 • Designed to prevent censorship • G - All ages • PG - Parental guidance suggested (originally called M) • PG 13 - Parents strongly cautioned to give guidance to children under 13 (added later) • R - Restricted; those under 17 must be accompanied by parent or guardian • NC-17 - No one under 17 admitted (originally X) Roque Corona/stock.xchnge

  16. Movie Business • Seven major studios • Disney, Viacom/Paramount, Vivendi, Dream Works, 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros., and Sony Pictures • About 20 movies a year each • Independent producers • Distributed by studios • Sundance and other festivals • Most fragmented industry in mass media

  17. Who goes to the movies? Illustration 7.1

  18. Declining male audience Illustration 7.1

  19. Making Money • Drop in ticket sales • 1946 was the biggest year for movie attendance • Ancillary rights • Videos and DVDs • Network and Pay TV • Airline, base, campus rights • Soundtrack albums • Books, etc. • $100 million avg. film cost • 2 of 10 make money Getty Images

  20. How the movies make money Illustration 7.2

  21. Making Money in the Movies Illustration 7.2

  22. Working in the Movies • Screenwriters • Independent writers • Producers • Funding and logistics • Actors • Production • The movie creators • Marketing • Publicity and advertising • Administration • Accounting, etc. • Film Career Link Vince Bucci/Getty Images

  23. Technology and the Future • Production • Smaller cameras • Computer technology • Digitalization • Distribution • Satellite distribution • Digital projectors • Internet distribution? • Exhibition • Alternative tech experiences • “motion simulation” • Holographic concerts Pam Roth/stock.xchnge

  24. Globalization of Film • Global ownership • Columbia Pictures • Purchased by Sony • Twentieth Century-Fox • Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. • Fox News, Fox Network, British Sky Broadcasting • Universal • Sold to Matsushita of Japan 1990 • Resold to Seagram of Canada 1997 • Then sold to Vivendi a French company • Sold to General Electric/NBC 2003 • One-third profits from overseas • More consolidation? Kim Kulish/CORBIS The Dreamworks Team

  25. Hollywood Who’s Who Illustration 7.3

  26. Building Blocks • Frame-individual picture • Shot Basic unit of the film, any continuous piece of unedited film, 20-30 second average. • Scene-a group of interrelated shots taking place in the same location • Sequence- a group of interrelated scenes that form a natural unit in the story

  27. Camera Shot • Distance: • Long shot (LS) (ELS)-beginning • Medium shot (MS) • Close-up (CU) (ECU)-emotion

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