Community Nutrition

Community Nutrition National Plan of Action 1992 Facilitator: Jasmina S

National Plan of action 1992 • 5 year plan • Done in close interaction both within Govt between Ministries and dept as well as NGO + social activist. • Emphasis on following factors: • Health of all children • Maternal health of pregnant and lactating moms • Water and sanitation for healthy living • Minimum education-self reliant • Protection to children in difficult circumstances- cancer, orphans, disasters, child prostitutes, child labour • Improve the status of girl child and facilities to adolescent girls. • Conserve and protect environment – well being of children • G & D of women Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Functions of welfare organisations • Formulate and implement deveprog- to reach people belonging to underprivileged sections • Govt involved in deveprog are CSWB (central social welfare board),DRD (Dept of Rural Deve), ICAR (Indian Council of agricultural Research) , ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research), HWD (Harijan Welfare Dept) • CSWB is directly concerned with welfare services for women , children and handicapped. Provides financial assistance to voluntary agencies to carry out diff prog. • HWD work mainly for SC’s & ST’s- facilities for education and deve • Majority people live in rural areas, Main focus like agriculture, animal husbandry, women deve. • ICMR conducts research related to nutrition, health, medicine and related areas. It also looks into supplementary nutrition prog. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

National Organizations’ • CSWB – Central Social Welfare Board • ICCW – Indian Council of Child Welfare • NIPCCD- National Institute of Public Co-operation and Child Development • Bal Bhavan • Bal Sahyog • Children’s Aid Society • SOS Children’s Village • Mobile Creches • Institute for the Physically Handicapped. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

International Organizations • UNICEF- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. • UNESCO- United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organizations • Co-operative of American Relief Everywhere (CARE) • World Health Organization -WHO Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Central Social Welfare Board -CSWB • Set up by Govt directly concerned with the welfare of children , women and handicapped. • It has evolved financial assistance prog for growth. • Taken welfare service to remote rural, tribal, border areas where it did not exist. • CSWB set up State Social Welfare Boards for different states and union territories. • Prog undertaken by CSWB: • Grand –in-aid to voluntary institutions- Financial assistance –welfare for children , women, physically handicapped and aged. • Welfare extension Services-Services for multi purpose nature • Condensed course for Educational and Vocational Training . Adult women -18 to 30 years, who had some schooling and enable them to take the exam conducted by Board of University. • Socio- Economic Programme- Financial assistance is provided - income generating to the needy women Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Indian Council of Medical Research -ICMR • Promote research in health, nutrition , medicine and related areas. • It involves lab , clinical or field research. • It coincides with national health priorities for the fulfillment of the goal. • To solve the problem , out standing scientist from different parts of the country are involved. • To carry research at national level – centres like National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre (FDTRC) , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) + HSC colleagues. • It also carries evaluation studies of special nutrition prog , nutrition components of primary health care services. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Integrated Child Development Services- ICDS • Aims to provide integrated services to children. • Package or group of services –Nutrition+ Health Care + Education • Referral Services- patient gets referred to a bigger hospital for medical treatment. • Health and nutritional education. • Non –formal preschool education Target Group- 0-6 years ,Women between 15to 40 years , Pregnant and lactating mother. It helps supplement the diet and prevent under nutrition , prevent the occurrence of disease, educates the adult about nutrition and health. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Nutritional Services • Tackles the problem of under-nutrition among the weaker section. • Nutrition Programmes • The Supplementary Nutritional Programmes • Aims to provide :Supplementary diet to children 0-6 years + Pregnant & lactating Moms • Food items rich in calories , proteins and minerals are given. • Recipe are based on locally available food. • Supplementary nutrition is provided at anganwadis and other centres. • Balwadis are centre run by the government for children between 3-6 years to receive preschool education and nutrition. • Daycare centres and creches are places where children of working parents are looked after. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Mid day Meal Programme • Supplement nutrition –milk and nutritious food items and nutrition education is provided to children in schools • CARE(Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere) – started in rural areas –Ministry of Education + International Organization. • Benefit- Nutritious diet –saving them from starvation & malnutrition + attendance of children in schools , creches ,balwadis. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Applied Nutrition Programme -ANP Collaboration with UNICEF –rural people More training and learning field of nutrition. Advise to produce more protective food and educated how food shd be consumed & preserved. MahilaMandals & YuvakMandals –working on it. It distributes food produced locally- expectant and nursing mother and preschool children. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Special Nutrition Programme • Dept of social welfare –serious effects on children caused by nutritional deficiencies or malnutrition. • Theme: • Provision of good quality proteins +200 cal to infants to 1 yr • Provision of 300 cal + good quality protein – 1 to 3 years Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Nutrition through Pre School Centres • All India Voluntary Organisations –ICCW (Indian Council for Child Welfare) • Grant given by Govt • Children are given nutritious meals -balwadi Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

International Agencies • FAO –Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations -1945 (Rome) with 120 member states. • Aims: • Nation raise the std of living • Improve the nutrition of people of all countries. • Increase the efficiency of farming, forestry and fisheries. • To better the condition of rural of people. • Deve of food storage, processing and marketing facilities. • Land reclamation thro irrigation and drainage. • Control of disease of man and animals. • Establishment of school feeding prog Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

WHO- World Health Organisation • Unit of United Nations • Working under a director general -1948 • Head office Geneva + 6 regional offices • It helps the member state govt by strengthening national health services , establishing and maintaining epidemiological & statistical services , controlling endemic and epidemic disease, maternal and child care , promotion of mental health , improvement of sanitation . • Major efforts –eradication of malaria, tuberculosis. • Improve nutrition and health –looks after sanitation std, pure water supplies , pure milk and other food s, insect control , housing & waste disposal . Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

UNICEF- United Nations Children FundPL 480 Public Law 480 • 1947 – Emergency feeding of war devastated countries of Europe . • Emphasized on protein rich food –milk for children at school , maternal and child health centres. • Non fat dry milk – transport free & distributed by UNICEF –needy • Immunization of children against all disease. • PL 480 –Public Law 480 - Food for Freedom & peace – agricultural surplus of a country used for world’s needy people. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Nutrition Intervention Programme • Provides food or nutrient supplements and nutrition education to the population which are suffering or likely to suffer from malnutrition. • Poverty and ignorance – suffer from under nutrition and therefore ill health. • Informed about various nutrients , its functions and sources , imp of balanced diet , how to spend little and achieve more, nutrients conserved while cooking, ways of increasing nutrients in the diet. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Aspects of Nutrition Education • Helps community in providing information. • Nutritional need of individuals • Functions and sources of nutrients • Food items that are nutritious , cheap and locally available • Importance and composition of balanced diet. • Correct method of cooking to minimize nutrient loss. • Correct food habit. • Meeting nutritional reqt with the help of kitchen garden. • Hygiene and sanitation & immunization Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Methods of Nutrition Education • Contract Method – Meeting Individually & Meeting in small groups. • Distance Method- Printed matter , computer, TV/Video/film, radio, Graphics, models, demonstration. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Methods by which NE is provided • Health centre and hospitals- All Members visit health centre and hospitals . Best way of imparting NE is to educate mothers. • Radio & television- Best way of providing imp means of NE . • Newspapers and magazines – Most people read newspapers . Stories, articles, letters contained in them provide NE to the community. • Leaflets and posters- Eye catching form – distributed in public places . Effective way of conveying message. • Drama , puppet show , street plays, exhibition , melas . • Different schools, colleges and education institutes. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Programme which provide supplementary food to a target population – Feeding Programme. Prophylaxis means prevention. Prog that prevent nutritional deficiency disease are called prophylactic prog – Iron is given to anaemia . Nutrients mainly in tablet, capsule or syrup forms are provided –Maternal & child health centres. NIP – full cooperation is possible by: Making people aware of them, educating them regarding imp of such prog Persuading them to make practical use of what they have learned. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Educational Services • Free and compulsory education should be provided to all children under 14 . • Educating all children atleast till grade 5 • Primary education is provided in schools set by govt. • Drop outs, not going to school, lack of motivation- non starters in school. • Operation Blackboard – Govt- essential rooms, blackboards, charts and learning materials. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Health Services • Aim of the Govt- health for All. • Health care system in the country is improved. • More hospitals are being opened to provide maternal and child health care thro qualified medical staff and trained midwives and Dais as well as immunization • The Expanded Programme of Immunization has been undertaken by the govt with the help of WHO. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Services for Orphaned Children • Children orphaned by AIDS are especially vulnerable to abuse and exploitation because of stigma and the lack of adult care and support. A large share of orphaned children is living in households headed by women and by elderly family members. • Orphaned children face a number of vulnerabilities and risks, such as sexual exploitation and abuse, hazardous child labour, early sexual debut and marriage, dispossession of property, poor access to basic services, poor school attendance and performance and poor emotional and mental health. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

The Government, national institutions and civil society are supported by UNICEF and other partners to increase access to basic services and social protection for orphaned and other vulnerable children in provinces most affected by HIV and AIDS. The plan aims to reach 1.3 million orphaned and vulnerable children with a set of six basic services: education, health care, material/financial support (including access to poverty certificates), nutritional support, psycho-social support and legal support (including access to birth certificates). Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Service for children of working mothers • With increased opportunities for employment for women and the need to supplement household income more and more women are entering the job market – construction sites • Crèche and Daycare Services are not only required by working mothers but also women belonging to poor families, who require support and relief from childcare as they struggle to cope with burden of activities, within and outside the home. Mobile creche is a voluntary organisation . The children are not only looked after, but are also provided with supplementary nutrition and education Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Services for Delinquents • Juvenile Delinquents are individuals below 18 years whose behr is antisocial and legally punishable. • Put in remand homes – scope of improvement. • Education and recreational facilities in addn to food, clothing and shelter . • Guidance and counseling –better citizen Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

The Handicapped • A disability may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or some combination of these. A disability may be present from birth, or occur during a person's lifetime. • An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Any impairment which limits the physical function of limbs or fine or gross motor ability is a physical disability. Sensory disability is impairment of one of the senses. The term is used primarily to refer to vision and hearing impairment, but other senses can be impaired Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss. Hearing impairment or hard of hearing or deafness refers to conditions in which individuals are fully or partially unable to detect or perceive at least some frequencies of sound which can typically be heard by most people. A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioural pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual. Developmental disability is any disability that results in problems with growth and development Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Require special help in terms of special equipments , educational services and working conditions. The aids are provided to them by the govt to adjust their shortcomings and function independently. Lack of medical facilities , ignorance, poverty , illiteracy, poor nutrition , are some of the major reasons for the large no. of handicapped people. Necessary services provide to them timely will work better. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Institution for Handicapped • National Institute for the visually handicapped, Dehradun • National Institute for physically handicapped , Kolkata. • School for the Partially deaf Children, Hyderabad. • Model school for the Mentally Retarded Children, Delhi. • Institute for the Physically Handicapped, Delhi. Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

The Hearing Handicapped (mild and moderate impaired only) are provided following allowance and facilities under this scheme: Books and stationery allowance of Rs.400/- p.a. Uniform allowance of Rs.50/- p.a. Transport allowance of Rs.50/- per month (if a disabled child admitted under the scheme residing in a hostel of the school within the school premises, no transportation charges would be admissible). Disabled children residing in school hostels within the same institution where they are studying may also be paid boarding and lodging charges as admissible under Govt. rules/schemes. The reimbursement of tuition fee of Rs.50/-p.m. in respect of physically handicapped and mentally retarded children of the Central Govt. employee is permissible. The Ministry of Railway allows the disabled persons/patients to travel at concessional fares in Indian railways Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Programmes of the govt for the youth • Scheme of Training of Youth • Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment. • Scheme of Promotion of Adventure among youth. • Scheme of Promotion of National Integration. • Scheme of Exhibition for Youth • National Service Scheme Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

What Have We Learnt • Community Nutrition • National Plan of Action • Functions of Welfare Organisations • National Organisations • International Organisations • Nutrition Intervention Programme • Community Services Home Science Community Nutrition Facillitator Jasmina S

Community Nutrition