October 10, 2013

1. October 10, 2013 • Get the handout • Start the I-Pad that matches one of the seat numbers at your desk (to be shared with your desk partner) • Go to our team website and Mr. Tucker’s bellwork page • Use the handout to collect information on the vocabulary listed in the October 10, 2013 PowerPoint slides • You are responsible for all of this information and need to turn in your Frayer Model sheets at the end of class

2. 8th Grade Science Vocabulary Terms (140 terms for Frayer Model) • absorb • acquired traits • adaptations • atmosphere • atoms • balance of nature • balance scale • benefit • cell wall • cells • characteristics • chemical change • chemical weathering • chlorophyll • chromosome • climax community • closed circuit • cold blooded • cold front • community • competition • compound • conclusion • condensation • conductor • consumer • control • cytoplasm • data (datum) • decomposer • density • digestive system • direct rays • dominant traits • echo • echolocation • ecosystem • egg cell (ovary) • electromagnet • element • elevation • embryo • erosion • evaporation • evidence • evolution • extinct • fertilization • flower • food chain • food web • force • fossil • fulcrum • galaxy • gas • gene • germinate • gravity • heredity • humidity • hypothesis • igneous rock • inclined plane • incomplete circuit • inference • inherited traits • investigation • landfill • lava • lever • liquids • lunar phases • magma • mass • mechanical weathering • metamorphic rocks • meter • microscope • mineral • mixture • molecules • non-conductor (insulator) • non-native species (exotic) • observation • opaque • organ • ozone • parasite • photosynthesis • physical change • pioneer species • pollen • pollutant • population • precipitation • predation • procedure • producer • pulley • purpose • reaction force • recessive trait • reflect • refract • revolve • rock cycle • rotate • runoff • sedimentary rock • simple machine • single-celled organism • solar eclipse • solid • sonar • sound waves • speed • sublimation • succession • surface mining • symbiosis • temperature • thermal contraction • thermal expansion • thermometer • translucent • transparent • unbalanced forces • urban development • vacuum • vertebrate • volume • warm blooded • warm front • water cycle • weather • weight • wetland • wheel and axle • zygote

3. cold front Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Brings cold and unstable weather Can be fast or slow Can form dangerous clouds quickly and lead to severe weather EX: cumulonimbus clouds (tallest and possible tornado producers) NONEX: warm front – rain likely and less severe • Occurs when cold air mass moves warm air mass upward Memory Pictograph

4. community Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Groups of organisms affect each other in the community Creates a unique area EX: forest community, pond community, meadow community, coral reef community NONEX: population refers to just one species in a community • Group of different populations living in the same place Memory Pictograph

5. competition Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample The more adaptations an organisms has to its environment, the less it needs to compete Some animals change their habits to have less competition EX: invasive species outcompeting native species, deer feeding at different times or on different plants NONEX: mutualism • Interaction between 2 organisms over basic resources such as food, water, shelter, mates Memory Pictograph

6. compound Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Have chemical and physical properties not like the original elements Always has a chemical formula EX: salt (NaCl), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) NONEX: elements are made of just one type of atom, mixtures are made of different materials next to each other BUT NOT BONDED TOGETHER • Pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are bonded together Memory Pictograph

7. conclusion Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Summary that re-checks the hypothesis Part of the scientific method Examines the data and results of an experiment EX: see memory pictograph NONEX: hypothesis has to be tested/ conclusion states whether hypothesis is supported by the results of the experiment • Explains whether the hypothesis of an experiment was supported by the results of the experiment Memory Pictograph

8. condensation Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Caused by cooling of the temperature of the gas Second step in the water cycle Physical change EX: cold glass on a hot humid day forms condensation, fog, clouds, dew NONEX: evaporation is the opposite of condensation • Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid state Memory Pictographs

9. conductor Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Molecules either vibrate (heat) or pass along electrons (electricity) Metals are the best conductors Nonmetals are usually insulators, not conductors EX: copper, aluminum, iron, steel NONEX: rubber, plastic, wood • Material that allows heat and electricity to pass through Memory Pictograph

10. consumer Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Needs to obtain energy by eating other organisms Can eat producers (plants) or other consumers EX: humans, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores NONEX: producers make their own food through photosysthesis • Organism that cannot make its own food and must get food by consuming other organisms Memory Pictograph

11. control Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Helps check results of experiment Makes experiments more accurate EX: experiment comparing fertilizers, one trial has NO fertilizer NONEX: constants in an experiment keep all conditions similar, control leaves out the manipulated variable (independent variable) • Part of an experiment that is kept the same so it can be used as a comparison to the other data Memory Pictograph

12. cytoplasm Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Helps hold or contain the insides of a cell Cell jelly/ gel Allows materials to move about inside cell Mostly water EX: found in all types of cells NONEX: cell organelles are supported by cytoplasm • Thick fluid contained in the cell membrane of all cells Memory Pictograph

13. data (datum) Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Graphs and charts Shows observations and evidence Good data comes form fair experiments and good variables EX: Data chart for experiment in class NONEX: conclusions and analysis occur after collecting data • Information gathered and organized during an experiment Memory Pictograph

14. decomposer Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Uses dead organisms as nutrients Critical for healthy ecosystem Helps rid nature of dead organisms Types of consumer EX: bacteria, fungus NONEX: scavengers arrive before too much decomposition takes place • Organism that obtains food by breaking down dead organisms Memory Pictograph

15. density Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Density = mass / volume Depends on how How tightly packed are the molecules in a given amount of space? Feathers ----low density Gold ---------high density Water has a density of 1 > 1 sink in water < 1 float in water • Ratio of mass to volume Memory Pictograph

16. digestive system Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Uses both physical and chemical changes in the process Broken down materials move from the small intestine into the blood stream Circulatory system moves food and nutrients through the blood to the cells • Organ system that breaks down food into a form that the body can absorb/ use Memory Pictograph

17. direct rays Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Strikes at a direct angle and more energy is hitting the surface Always occurring near the equator Summer has more direct rays than winter EX: tropical rain forests receive direct rays all year NONEX: polar areas never receive direct rays • Sunlight that reaches the Earth with more intensity Memory Pictograph

18. dominant traits Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Traits that occur with greater frequency Research of Gregor Mendel and pea plants Geneticists study dominant and recessive traits EX: brown hair, brown eyes, widow’s peak, etc… NONEX: blue eyes, red hair are recessive traits for the general population • Inherited traits that show up more often in a population Memory Pictograph

19. echo Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Sound energy is a mechanical wave that can be absorbed or reflected by the objects it hits Used by bats and dolphins to locate prey or predators EX: cave, gym, shower, empty room NONEX: room covered with carpeting on floors and walls • Sound waves bouncing back from hitting a hard surface Memory Pictograph

20. echolocation Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Used by bats and dolphins and other animals Helps locate prey Humans borrowed idea for radar and sonar EX: sonar bounces sound waves at sea NONEX: radar bounces EM waves not sound waves • Method of navigation in which sound waves are bounced off objects to determine distance and location Memory Pictograph

21. ecosystem Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Make up a special location where organisms and resources interact Air, water, soil, are non-living but still important to ecosystem working properly EX: forest ecosystem, pond ecosystem, estuary ecosystem NONEX: a single population of one organisms • All the living and nonliving things in a community Memory Pictograph

22. egg cell (ovary) Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Organisms that reproduce through sexual reproduction must begin as an egg cell Can grow into seeds or infants Must be fertilized in order to grow EX: chicken egg cell – very large cell NONEX: organisms that reproduce asexually do not require egg cells to reproduce • Cell produced by the female reproductive system – must combine with sperm cell to become fertilized Memory Pictograph

23. electromagnet Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Attracts certain metals only – iron, steel, nickel Moving electrons make the magnet more powerful EX: lifts up scrap cars and even small electromagnets can lift heavier weights NONEX: regular magnets with no added wires and electricity • Powerful magnet produced by coiling wire around iron and running electricity through Memory Pictograph

24. element Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Found on periodic table Cannot be broken down further Atomic number is determined by number of protons in the nucleus Neutrons are also in the nucleus Electrons move in different energy shells around the nucleus EX: each of the types of atoms listed on Periodic Table NONEX: compounds, mixtures • A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom with unique properties Memory Pictograph

25. element Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Found on periodic table Cannot be broken down further Atomic number is determined by number of protons in the nucleus Neutrons are also in the nucleus Electrons move in different energy shells around the nucleus EX: each of the types of atoms listed on Periodic Table NONEX: compounds, mixtures • A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom with unique properties Memory Pictograph

26. elevation Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Can be above or below sea level Topographic maps show elevation EX: Detroit area is about 600 feet above sea level, so its elevation is 600 feet NONEX: latitude or longitude show location on the globe, but not elevation above sea level • Height above sea level Memory Pictograph

27. embryo Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample An embryo will develop form a fertilized egg Stages of the embryo are related to stages of evolution (looks different at different stages) Will develop into a baby organism EX: human embryo, chicken embryo NONEX: does not occur in asexual reproduction, requires egg and sperm cells • Very early stage in the development of an organism Memory Pictograph

28. erosion Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Natural force that causes rocks to lose particles Changes the appearance of rocks EX: Sphinx and tombstones affected by wind and acid rain NONEX: deposition is the opposite action and sediments build up in areas where wind or water oor ice slow down • Process in which soil and rock particles are carried away by wind, moving water or gravity Memory Pictograph

29. evaporation Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample 1st step in the water cycle Sun’s energy is what causes molecules of water to move faster and evaporate Other liquids also evaporate when energy is added (heat) EX: water, alcohol, gasoline all evaporate into the air EX: boiling water is rapid evaporation NONEX: condensation is the opposite of evaporation • Physical change of state (phase change) from a liquid to a gas state Memory Pictograph

30. evidence Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Data must support the hypothesis in order to be evidence that the hypothesis is correct Allows scientists to know whether they are on the right track or need to “go back to the drawing board” EX: gas and bubbles in an experiment show a chemical change NONEX: guessing with no facts supporting the guess • Any tested observation or experimental data that supports a hypothesis Memory Pictograph vinegar

31. evolution Definition Facts/Examples/NonExample Successful adaptations increase the chances of surviving and reproducing Poor adaptations make it more difficult for an organisms to survive and reproduce EX: fast running animals escape predators and survive NONEX: giraffes didn’t grow longer necks in one generation…but the taller giraffes survived better and reproduced offspring like themselves • Scientific Theory that explains changes in organisms over long periods of time Memory Pictograph

32. 8th Grade Science Vocabulary Terms (140 terms for Frayer Model) • absorb • acquired traits • adaptations • atmosphere • atoms • balance of nature • balance scale • benefit • cell wall • cells • characteristics • chemical change • chemical weathering • chlorophyll • chromosome • climax community • closed circuit • cold blooded • cold front • community • competition • compound • conclusion • condensation • conductor • consumer • control • cytoplasm • data (datum) • decomposer • density • digestive system • direct rays • dominant traits • echo • echolocation • ecosystem • egg cell (ovary) • electromagnet • element • elevation • embryo • erosion • evaporation • evidence • evolution • extinct • fertilization • flower • food chain • food web • force • fossil • fulcrum • galaxy • gas • gene • germinate • gravity • heredity • humidity • hypothesis • igneous rock • inclined plane • incomplete circuit • inference • inherited traits • investigation • landfill • lava • lever • liquids • lunar phases • magma • mass • mechanical weathering • metamorphic rocks • meter • microscope • mineral • mixture • molecules • non-conductor (insulator) • non-native species (exotic) • observation • opaque • organ • ozone • parasite • photosynthesis • physical change • pioneer species • pollen • pollutant • population • precipitation • predation • procedure • producer • pulley • purpose • reaction force • recessive trait • reflect • refract • revolve • rock cycle • rotate • runoff • sedimentary rock • simple machine • single-celled organism • solar eclipse • solid • sonar • sound waves • speed • sublimation • succession • surface mining • symbiosis • temperature • thermal contraction • thermal expansion • thermometer • translucent • transparent • unbalanced forces • urban development • vacuum • vertebrate • volume • warm blooded • warm front • water cycle • weather • weight • wetland • wheel and axle • zygote