1 / 17

Eisenhower: 1953-1961

Eisenhower: 1953-1961. Libertyville HS. Election of 1952. Truman decided not to run Dems nominated IL governor, Adlai Stevenson Intellectual; orator GOP nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower WWII general; very popular “Korea, Communism, Corruption” Issues Korean War “Red Scare” (McCarthyism).

ross
Télécharger la présentation

Eisenhower: 1953-1961

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Eisenhower: 1953-1961 Libertyville HS

  2. Election of 1952 • Truman decided not to run • Dems nominated IL governor, Adlai Stevenson • Intellectual; orator • GOP nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower • WWII general; very popular • “Korea, Communism, Corruption” • Issues • Korean War • “Red Scare” (McCarthyism) Results Eisenhower: 442 ECV / 34 million Stevenson: 89 ECV / 27 million

  3. Red Scare of the 50s • Reflected America’s concern with int’l Communism • Sen. Joe McCarthy (R-WI) • 1950 “Wheeling Speech” (205 names, State Dept.) • 1950 Tydings Committee: D attempt to discredit McCarthy • McCarthy campaigned for Rs in 1952 elections: They all won

  4. Senate Hearings, 1953-54 • McCarthy pursued communists throughout gov’t, real or perceived • Style: aggressive questioning, rumor, innuendo • VOA, US Info. Agency • McCarthy went after the US Army! • Led to his downfall • Browbeating WWII veterans • McCarthy censured, 1954 Sen. Ralph Flanders, R-Maine

  5. House Unamerican Activities Committee (1934-1975) • 1934-38: fought Nazi propaganda in US • 1938-44: German-Americans and KKK activity • 1945-75: investigate “subversion of the constitution”

  6. House Unamerican Activities Committee (1934-1975) • Hollywood Blacklist • If you refused to answer qs, you couldn’t work for studios • 300 directors, writers, actors blacklisted • HUAC lost prestige in post-McCarthy America and in 1960s

  7. Dwight D. Eisenhower • Born in Texas; West Point graduate • Deputy to MacArthur during Bonus Army march • WWII: became supreme commander in Europe • Diplomatic w/ allies • Excellent administrator • Kept his politics secret, esp. after army retirement • Never held political office

  8. Eisenhower: “The Middle Way” • Determined to reverse US policy trend of great federal involvement in states, localities, & lives of citizens • BUT not junking all programs • Continued New Deal programs like social security, NLRA, UI • Created the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to manage welfare programs • Emphasized a balanced budget (‘56-57; next=Clinton)

  9. 1950s American Economy • Post War fears unfounded • Surge in industries • Housing (new houses built) • Automobiles (new autos built) • New industries • Aviation • Electronics • Cold War boosted economy, too • Federal defense spending • Low tariffs = high trade • Per capita GDP = #1 in world; inflation 1%

  10. Eisenhower: Foreign Affairs • Personally visited Korea to end war, 1953 • Hydrogen bomb developed by US, USSR led to Geneva meeting in 1955 • Ike: let’s exchange blueprints of each other’s military bases • USSR: no response (but relations improved)

  11. Ike: Interstate Highway System • Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 • Inspired by German autobahns • Military purpose • Civilian purpose: economic • Funded 90/10 by Feds, but administered by states • 46,876 miles = largest highway system in world and largest public works project in history

  12. Election of 1956 • GOP nominee: Ike • Dem nominee: Adlai Stevenson • Campaign issues • Ike’s health (heart condition) • Stevenson supported by liberal Dems (& southerners) – and that’s it • Ike’s slogan: I Like Ike! • Korean war done, nation prosperous: result never in doubt Results Eisenhower: 457 ECV / 35.5 million Stevenson: 73 ECV / 26 million

  13. Ike: Foreign Affairs • 1956: Year of turmoil • Hungarian revolution: encouraged by RFE, Hungarians revolted against USSR; US did not support them & thousands died • Suez crisis • US, UK refused to support Egypt for construction of dam • Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal • Brits, French, Israelis capture canal W/O US approval

  14. Ike’s Response • Forced a cease fire on all parties • Ike threatened to sell off British bonds (destroy British economy) • Started oil embargo vs Brits, France • PM Eden forced out; replaced by UN peacekeepers (there until 1967)

  15. Eisenhower Doctrine • US became protector of western interests in Middle East • Ike Doctrine: US would be “prepared to use armed force to counter aggression from any (communist) country” that attacked Middle East • Ex: 15k troops to Lebanon, 1958

  16. Ike’s Farewell Address Warned against what is now known as “the military-industrial complex”

  17. Ike’s Legacy • Expanded containment policy • Robust US presence on international scene • Reigned in Federal spending • Helped create conditions for economic expansion • Continued desegregation and advancement of civil rights

More Related