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DEMO R&D needs

DEMO R&D needs. M. Q. Tran based on the report by the CCE-Fu –F4E Working Group on DEMO: P. Batistoni, S. Clement Lorenzo, K. Kurzydlowski, D. Maisonnier, G. Marbach, M. Noe, J. Paméla, D. Stork, J. Sanchez, M.Q. Tran (Chair) and H. Zohm. Plan.

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DEMO R&D needs

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  1. DEMO R&D needs M. Q. Tran based on the report by the CCE-Fu –F4E Working Group on DEMO: P. Batistoni, S. Clement Lorenzo, K. Kurzydlowski, D. Maisonnier, G. Marbach, M. Noe, J. Paméla, D. Stork, J. Sanchez, M.Q. Tran (Chair) and H. Zohm Fusion Workshop

  2. Plan • Introduction: The international strategy towards the realisation of fusion • The role of DEMO • Physics issues • Technology issues • IFMIF • BA and DEMO • Conclusion: some personal views Fusion Workshop

  3. DEMO and the road map towards the realisation of fusion • “Fast track”: combination of Demo and Proto Fast track = combinaison of these 2 steps in a single step called DEMO Fusion Workshop

  4. DEMO presented at Villamoura IAEA conference (2004) Fusion Workshop

  5. Comparison between a few scenarios EFDA STAC report 2007 Fusion Workshop

  6. Commercial usage • Reliable & economic 2030s DEMO 2040s CFPP • Large-scale power generation • Economical viability(?) • Fusion power plant design and operation technology • D-T burning plasma • 500 MW, Q~10 • Test blanket module • Fusion technology 2015 - ITER 2007 - KSTAR • Long-pulse high performance steady-state operation research Definition of DEMO Korea - 6 - ? M. Kwon et al. ISFNT 2007 Fusion Workshop

  7. Energy needs &Indian Fusion Road Map Power Plant 2050 Fusion Power Reactor DEMO 2037 • Qualification of Technologies • Qualification of reactor components & Process SST-2 2022 Indigenous Fusion Experiment ITER Participation 2005 scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy SST-1 2004 Steady State Physics and related technologies 1986 ADITYA Tokamak India R. B. Grover et al., Energy Policy (2006) 2834 S. P. Deshpande et al. ISFNT 2007 Fusion Workshop

  8. USA Fusion Workshop

  9. 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2005 TODAY’s EXPTs. Physics Programme in Current Facilities (JET, DIIID, JT-60, Other Facilities) Basic Operation Extended Operation ITER Decomm. Construction Blanket Test Design IFMIF Fusion Materials Test and Optimisation Construct. Blanket Development Blanket and Technology Development TECH. R&D DEMO Design Concept Studies Construction Operation Commercial Power Plant Development EU-Ja Broader Approach • EU and Japan are joining competencies in the frame of the Broader Approach towards DEMO Fusion Workshop

  10. DEMO concepts • DEMO should be based on the tokamak concept • Stellarator should require at least one intermediate step following the W7-X class of device • The Group recommends to pursue an active stellarator programme in view of the intrinsic advantages of the stellarator concept Fusion Workshop

  11. The roles of DEMO (1) • DEMO should be able to deliver to the grid significant net electricity power (several hundreds of MW) in steady state during an extended period of time (to be defined during the operation schedule). • Steady state electricity production even with a long pulse plasma (10 hours) with a short dwell time (15 minutes) is possible with energy storage, which is not a cost driver. Fusion Workshop

  12. The roles of DEMO (2) • Qualification of key components for a fusion power plant • A list of physics and technology issues were identified • It is important to mention that an integrated design is needed and both physics (plasma scenarios) and technology must be included, so that constraints from both fields be taken into account and accommodated Fusion Workshop

  13. What could be a DEMO workplan? • Details could be found in the report of the Group • The EFDA Power Plant Physics and Technology Annex of the Implementing Agreement makes use of the recommendations of the report. Fusion Workshop

  14. Physics issues • Steady state operation at high bootstrap fraction, MHD limits, ITB formation… • Operation at high density (above the Greenwald limit) • Power exhaust linked to the power handling capability of PFC and first wall • Disruptions • Control: issue of diagnostics sensors and actuators (H&CD, fuelling) Fusion Workshop

  15. Technology (1) • Beyond ITER, there are still several major technology issues to be addressed and solved for DEMO: • Enabling technologies • Material characterisation • Nuclear and engineering lifetime performance of in vessel components , especially breeding blankets (T self sufficiency) and divertor/PFC Fusion Workshop

  16. Technology (2) • Overarching considerations: Maintenance (including issues of remote handling), availability, and efficiency. • The fields of R&D :H&CD technology, In vessel components, Tritium handling system and Fuel cycle, Diagnostics and Control, Remote Handling, Superconducting magnets, Materials, Power plant and General issue about availability and efficiency. Fusion Workshop

  17. Technology (2) • Divertor and maintenance deserve the highest priority attention in future R&D programmes, since they will be crucial for the success of DEMO and of the realisation of fusion. Fusion Workshop

  18. DEMO and IFMIF • The need for IFMIF (versus other spallation sources) (Cf. Talk by A. Moeslang tomorrow): Issue of transmutation caused by the neutrons in this part of the spectrum? Ref. E. Pritcher, Fusion Material Irradiation at the Materila Test Station, LA-Ur-07-6217 Fusion Workshop

  19. DEMO and IFMIF • IFMIF is part of the programme which includes DEMO device. • IFMIF main milestones: June 2015: Start of experiments on the accelerator prototype; June 2017: End of studies in the frame of BA. • In the present financial planning (until the end of ITER construction), IFMIF construction is not within the budget of 6.6 b€ of F4E. Fusion Workshop

  20. BA activities • It is agreed between EU and Japan that during the next phase of the DEMO Joint Work, will be subdivided into 3 Phases: Phase-2a includes the definition of DEMO technical requirements (~3 years), Phase-2b the analysis of possible engineering choice (~2 years), and Phase-2c the Conceptual Design Activities (CDA) of one or two (or three) possible DEMO concepts Fusion Workshop

  21. Some personal views as conclusion (1) • We need to converge on a DEMO concept with the ultimate goal to achieve as early as possible a power plant : • Early DEMO : how early is early? Will it really help us move faster to a power plant? Pros and cons, risk assessment. • Steady state plasma versus 10 h type of plasma with energy storage (to have a steady state electricity production). Fusion Workshop

  22. Some personal views as conclusion (2) • A realistic roadmap for DEMO and an indicative one for a power plant should then be drawn. This vision would be helpful for the relation with industry. • A critical assessment (including priorities) of the R&D requirements should be made after a concept review and choice is performed. These requirements should be translated in the Accompanying Programme. Fusion Workshop

  23. Some personal views as conclusion (3) • A team (physicist, engineer and industry) should be formed to perform pre-conceptual study of DEMO. • Issues must be solved by the 3 communities: no «Someone else problem» or worst «Let the other community solved our problem» attitude. Fusion Workshop

  24. Some personal views as conclusion (4) • While it is generally agreed that industry should be involved, theindustrial strategy, instruments and related funding are still to be defined. • RAMI must be accounted for from the start in the programme: the community is still lacking data on reliability and availabilty of many of the components. Fusion Workshop

  25. Some personal views as conclusion (5) • Availability of electricity production will be a key issue when DEMO will be connected to the grid Planned shut down The goal of DEMO availability when connected to the grid (horizontal scale = time, arbitrary and non linear, vertical axis: electricity production) (Actual availability during one year of 1 GWe NPP) Fusion Workshop Fusion Workshop

  26. Some personal views as conclusion (6) • Human resources (and, related to it, a clear funding situation for DEMO) will be a key issue to be able to start and sustain a vibrant DEMO programme: we cannot and should not have a stop and go programme. Fusion Workshop

  27. Thank you for your attention Fusion Workshop

  28. Additional material from the report Fusion Workshop

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