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Understanding Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems in Chemistry

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This chapter delves into homogeneous and heterogeneous aqueous systems, discussing key concepts such as solutions, solvents, and solutes. It covers the solvation process of ions and the principle of "like dissolves like" concerning polar and nonpolar molecules. Differences between electrolytes and non-electrolytes are also highlighted. Practical applications such as the behavior of JELL-O, a colloid, are explored to illustrate these concepts in action. Additionally, the Tyndall effect is discussed as it relates to colloidal suspensions and their light-scattering properties.

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Understanding Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems in Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 15.2Homogeneous Aqueous Systems Chapter 15.3Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems

  2. Chapter 15.2Homogeneous Aqueous Systems Chapter 15.3Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems

  3. Learning Objectives • Understand the “s” words and how they are different from each other (solution, solvent, solute) • Understand the process of solvation of ions • “Like dissolves like” and the difference between polar and non-polar molecules when it comes to solvation. • Electrolyte versus non-electrolyte • Solutions vs. colloids vs. suspensions

  4. Solution (aq) – water that contains dissolved substancesSolvent – The dissolving medium of the solution (water in this chapter)Solute – The solid that gets dissolvedSolvent plus solute = solution

  5. When a substance becomes solvated by water, we say it is soluble in water • Chemists use the axiom “like dissolves like”: • Polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents. • Nonpolar substances tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

  6. All ionic compounds are electrolytes because they break apart into ions when added to water

  7. The next part of the textbook is about hydrates … we will skip for the upcoming TWIZ We did do a lab where we heated a hydrate CuSO4 . 5H2O and determined how much water was released in moles.

  8. The JELL-O mystery … what the heck is it? It is a type of homogeneous aqueous system known as a colloid. JELL-O is a kind of strange substance which is a colloid. JELL-Ois made from water with flavorings, sweetener, and gelatin mixed in. Gelatin is made from a protein called collagen which is the main protein in cartilage, the flexible material that forms your outer ear and nose. When JELL-Ois added to hot water, the long collagen molecules separate from each other and mix throughout the water. But when this mixture is cooled, the collagen molecules link up with each other in a different way, forming a 3-dimensional network. Water molecules get trapped in the network and help give JELL-Oits more wiggly characteristics.  (adapted from ACS website) More info about colloids

  9. Particles are 1 nm – 1000 nm

  10. Example of a emulsion while doing chemistry

  11. Tyndall Effect • Colloidal suspensions can scatter rays of light • This phenomenon is known as the Tyndall effect

  12. Summary

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