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Mastering Loops in C++: Control Structures and Kinetic Energy Calculations

In this week’s session of EMT 101, we delve into the concept of loops in programming, an essential tool for iterative processes. We cover `for` and `while` loops, demonstrating their application through the calculation of local and total kinetic energy given velocity components of particles. The program uses user inputs to compute local kinetic energy for each particle and aggregates them into total kinetic energy. Additionally, exercises challenge students to build C++ programs for matrix operations and numerical integration using various methods.

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Mastering Loops in C++: Control Structures and Kinetic Energy Calculations

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  1. Week 4 EMT 101 – Engineering Programming Dr. Farzad Ismail School of Aerospace Engineering UniversitiSains Malaysia NibongTebal 14300 Pulau Pinang

  2. Overview • We have discussed previously on control structures (if-else). • Now we present another programming tool: Loops • Loops are used for iterative processes • Very powerful tool in programming

  3. Loops • Do, while loops • For loops • Used to perform a repetitive (iterative) programming tasks • Usually over some array

  4. Example: Finding the Total Kinetic Energy • Given a list of u and v velocity components, find the local KE • Assume that u and v has n components • How would you use for loop to calculate each ‘local’ KE?

  5. Example: Finding the Local Kinetic Energy • for (inti=0; i < n;i++) { KE[i] = u[i]*u[i] + v[i]*v[i]; }

  6. Kinetic Energy Program #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cmath> using namespace std; int main() { intn; double KE[n]; double u[n]; double v[n]; cout << “Enter number of particles: “ << endl; cin >>n; for (inti=0; i<n; i++) { cout << “Enter the u velocity for particles: “ << endl; cin >>u[i]; } for (inti=0; i<n; i++) { cout << “Enter the v velocity for particles: “ << endl; cin>> v[i]; } for (inti=0; i<n; i++) { KE[i]= u[i]*u[i] + v[i]*v[i]; } return 0; } // end of program body

  7. Example: Finding the Total Kinetic Energy • Now that you know each local KE, how can you calculate the total (global) KE? • for (inti=0; i < n, i++) { KE[i] = u[i]*u[i] + v[i]*v[i]; } double TKE = KE[0]; • for (inti=1; i < n, i++) { TKE = KE[i] + TKE; }

  8. Example: Finding the Total Kinetic Energy • Notice that you have two for loops of the same size using the same information. Can we be more efficient? double TKE = 0.0; • for (inti=0; i < n, i++) { KE[i] = u[i]*u[i] + v[i]*v[i]; TKE += KE[i]; }

  9. Exercises • Write a C++ program to solve an arbitrary matrix problem A= M*N where M and N are matrices in which you need to input the numbers on your screen. Note M and N has a size mxm. • Write a program to perform a numerical integration of f(x)=x^2*sin(x)*exp(x^2) over x=[0,Pi]. Use (i) the trapezoidal rule (ii) the Simpson’s rule Divide the domain into N subsections, where N=5,10,20,40. Compare your results.

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