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Peritoneum

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This article explores the peritoneum's anatomy, its ontogenesis, and the role of the coelom during the second month of embryonic development. Key structures such as the ventral and dorsal mesenteries, major and minor omenta, as well as the various layers and types of organs within the abdominal cavity—intraperitoneal, mesoperitoneal, and extraperitoneal—are discussed. Additionally, the function and structural organization of the peritoneal cavity are analyzed, including important ligaments and the relationship between internal organs. Clinical implications like hysterosalpingography and common malformations are also addressed.

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Peritoneum

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Peritoneum

  2. Ontogenesis coelom • 2-nd month. The source - splanchnopleura • Ventral mesentery • Dorsal mesentery • Major and minor omentums

  3. Serous cavities

  4. Abdominal cavity Walls • Fascias • Spaces

  5. Peritoneum Parietal layer Visceral layer

  6. Intraperitoneal organs

  7. Mesoperitoneal organs

  8. Extraperitoneal / retroperitonealorgans

  9. Abdominal cavity- • this space of the body, located lower than the diaphragm is filled with internal organs: predominantly digestive and urogenital systems

  10. Walls of the abdominal cavity Walls of the peritoneal cavity • Superior-diaphragma • Anterolateral –abdominal muscles • Posterior – vertebral column and posterior abdominal wall • Inferior – perineum

  11. Functions of the peritoneum • Fixation of internal organs • ligaments,mesentery, omentum • Motions of internal organs • Isolation of internal organs • Reflex area • Trophic • Protection • Regeneration • Reconstructive surgery

  12. Hysterosalpingogram • Radiograph of the uterus and uterine tubesafter injection of radiocontrast material into the uterus through uterine ostium

  13. MESENTERIUM

  14. LIGAMENTS PRIMARY SECONDARY

  15. OMENTUM

  16. Division of the peritoneal cavity • Upper storey • Middle storey • Lower storey

  17. Upper storey • above - diaphragm; • anteriorly - parietal peritoneum of anterior abdominal wall; • below – colon transversum and its mesentery • posteriorly - posterior abdominal wall;

  18. Upper storey • Bursa hepatica • Bursa pregastrica • Bursa • omentalis • - Foramen epiploicum

  19. Bursa hepatica • Above – diaphragm • Left side – lig. falciforme • Anteriorly - parietal peritoneum of anterior wall • Behind - right kidney, adrenal gland

  20. BURSA PREGASTRICA • Above – diaphragm • Anteriorly- parietal peritoneum of anterior wall • Right side - lig. falciforme • Behind – stomach • Left side – spleen, its ligaments

  21. BURSA OMENTALIS • Above - caudate lobe of the liver • Anteriorly – lesser omentum, the posterior wall of the stomach • Behind- parietal peritoneum • Below - mesentery of the transverse colon • Left side -ligaments of the spleen

  22. FORAMEN EPIPLOICUM • Above - caudate lobe of the liver • Anteriorly - lig. hepatoduodenalis • Below – pars superior duodeni • Behind- parietal peritoneum

  23. Greater omentum

  24. Lesser omentum

  25. Middle storey • Mesocolon • Linea bispinata

  26. Mesenteric sinuses • RIGHT • LEFT

  27. Lateral canals • RIGHT • LEFT

  28. Recesses • recessus duodenalis superior and inferior (1) • recessus ileocecalissuperior and inferior (2,3) • recessus retrocecalis(4) • recessus intersigmoideus (5) 1 2 3 4 5

  29. Lowerstorey • Excavation • Rectovesicalis • Rectouterina • Vesicouterina

  30. Excavatio rectouterina

  31. Retroperitoneal spaces • Paracolon • Paranephron

  32. Malformations REMNANT OF VENTRAL MESENTERIUM DEFECT OF GREATER OMENTUM

  33. Malformations RUDIMENTAL OMENTAL FIMBRIA OF GREATER CURVATURA ATRESIA OF TRANSVERSE COLON

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