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Understanding the Six Kingdoms of Life: Vocabulary and Characteristics

This overview provides essential vocabulary and information about the Six Kingdoms of life: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It explains key terms such as unicellular and multicellular organisms, autotrophs and heterotrophs, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Explore the various organisms within each kingdom, their habitats, nutritional modes, and unique characteristics, such as Eubacteria's role in decomposition, and the extreme environments inhabited by Archaebacteria.

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Understanding the Six Kingdoms of Life: Vocabulary and Characteristics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Overview of the Six Kingdoms

  2. Vocabulary Which term means one-celled? Many-celled? • multicellular • unicellular Which term means that the organism produces its own food? Consumes food? • autotroph • heterotroph

  3. Vocabulary • Prokaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a cell membrane but do NOT have a nuclear membrane • Eukaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a cell membrane and a nuclear membrane

  4. Vocabulary • Autotrophic – makes its own food • Heterotrophic – gets nutrients from the food it consumes

  5. List of the Three Domains and the Six Kingdoms 1.Domain Bacteria • Kingdom Eubacteria 2. Domain Archaea • Kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plantae • Kingdom Animalia

  6. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria can live in many places on earth, inhabiting a wide variety of habitats, including other organisms • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Thick cells walls with peptidoglycan

  7. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria come in different shapes, such as round, spiral and rod-shaped.

  8. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria can cause a wide variety of diseases, such as strep throat, food poisoning and the Black Death (bubonic plague of the Middle Ages)

  9. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria also play an important role in decomposition, nitrogen fixation and human digestion (E. coli) Soybean root containing billions of bacteria

  10. Kingdom Eubacteria • Procholorococcus – an autotrophic bacterium – What does that mean about how it gets its nutrients?

  11. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria from an Nitrifying Trickle Filter (NTF) stained with acridene orange.  The stain makes DNA appear yellow and RNA appear orange.

  12. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Bacteria that live in extreme habitats, such as hot springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black smokers • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Cell walls without peptidoglycan

  13. Kingdom Archaebacteria Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water.

  14. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Some like it hot! Bacillus infernus

  15. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Archaebacteria can live deep in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers • There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis

  16. Kingdom Protista • Extremely diverse group • Eukaryotic • Most unicellular, some colonial, some multicellular • Autotrophic and heterotrophic • Some with cell walls containing cellulose; some carry out photosynthesis with chloroplasts

  17. Kingdom Protista Euglena - autotrophic Volvox – a colonial protist A slime mold Amoeba - heterotrophic

  18. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Most are multicellular • Heterotrophic (decomposers) • Cell walls made of chitin

  19. Kingdom Fungi Stilton cheese Bread mold

  20. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Autotrophic • Cell wall of cellulose; chloroplasts present

  21. Kingdom Plantae

  22. Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • No cell walls, no chloroplasts

  23. Kingdom Animalia Flatworm Sponge Jellyfish Octopus Coral snake Bear

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