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HTY 232: Civil War

HTY 232: Civil War. Part II: Slavery in antebellum America Constitutional protections, the economic revitalization of slave labor: cotton gin and textile manufacturing, development of the cotton kingdom, the internal slave trade. The Constitution. Compromises in the Constitution: Trade

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HTY 232: Civil War

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  1. HTY 232: Civil War Part II: Slavery in antebellum America Constitutional protections, the economic revitalization of slave labor: cotton gin and textile manufacturing, development of the cotton kingdom, the internal slave trade.

  2. The Constitution • Compromises in the Constitution: • Trade • Fugitives • Political representation • The words: slaves=“other persons” reveal the underlying tension • Did the Constitution bolster slavery in America or set its demise in motion?

  3. The economic revitalization of the slave labor system: Cotton • 1794: the cotton gin patented

  4. The Cotton Kingdom • U.S. Expansion • From 1790-1800: VT, KY, TN, • From 1800-1820: OH, LA, IN, MS, IL, AL, ME, MO. • Louisiana Purchase • War of 1812 • Indian Treaties, Indian Removal

  5. Pickin’ cotton Cotton

  6. Antebellum Slavery • The Numbers: Slave Population and Cotton Production • 1790:697624 1790: 3,000 bales • 1800:893,602 • 1810:1,191,362 1810: 178,000 bales • 1820:1,538,022 • 1830:2,009,043 • 1840:2,487,355 • 1850:3,204,313 • 1860:3,953,760 1860: 20,000,000 bales • Cotton exports exceeded the dollar value of all other exports combined by 1860.

  7. Production and Population

  8. Internal Slave Trade • The Chesapeake transition from buyer to seller: “Sold down the river” • 1790-1810: some 90,000 slaves were sold out or moved with masters from the Chesapeake region to Kentucky, Tennessee, and points south. • 1810 –1820: another 124,000 slaves were forced to move • 1830-1860: more than 10,000 per year. • Demand in the deep South • Slave work: fields, mills, ditches, fences, drivers, stevedores, cooks, gardeners, servants, coachmen, grooms, blacksmiths, carpenters, etc.

  9. To Market: Transportation • Turnpikes • Steamboats • Canals • RRs

  10. The Buyers • Textile mills in New England

  11. Mills

  12. Effects • Meanings of ownership: prestige, wealth, reputation, power, fantasy (fancy trade). • Uprisings • Prosser • Vesey • Turner Laws militias, literacy, legal status

  13. Work

  14. Urbanization

  15. Urbanization

  16. Missouri and The West • The “Firebell in the Night”

  17. The Big Question • If the South were barred from expanding west, how would it fare in competition with northern capitalist industrialists ?

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