Before we begin. . .

1. Before we begin. . . • What is a civil war? • What caused America’s Civil War?

2. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 More free powerpoints at www.worldofteaching.com

3. What ways does the cartoonist show who the two groups of students are? • What point is the cartoonist making by having Columbia just wake up from a nap? • What were the scrambling students doing before she awoke? 1. Write a title for this cartoon.

4. Cause 1: Sectionalism • Having more loyalty to the region you live in rather than the nation.

5. Nation divided along economic lines With your neighbor, discuss the economic differences between these regions. • North- • South- • West-

6. Nation divided along economic lines • North- mainly industrial, supported tariffs, opposed slavery, large cities • South- agricultural, large plantations, slave labor, opposed tariffs • West- became America’s breadbasket (grew grain) , favored canals, roads, and railroads.

7. Three Fifths Compromise • Constitutional Convention, 1787 • Disagreement over representation in the House of Representatives • Southern states wanted to count slaves in population • Northern states did not: Slaves were property not people • Compromise – would only count 3 slaves for every 5

8. Cause #2 • States’ Rights regarding taxation

9. Nullification Crisis • South hated tariffs. Called one the Tariff of Abominations. • In 1832, South Carolina said they could “nullify” federal laws. Nullify means to cancel. Also, SC threatened to secede from the Union (This was the Crisis) • President Jackson had Congress pass the Force Bill and he sent federal troops to South Carolina – SC chilled, for now.

10. What ways does the cartoonist show who the two groups of students are? • What point is the cartoonist making by having Columbia just wake up from a nap? • What were the scrambling students doing before she awoke? 1. Write a title for this cartoon.

11. The conflict over slavery led to an increase in __. • Nationalism • Cotton production • Sectionalism • Which leader was known for trying to resolve sectional conflicts through compromises? • Henry Clay • John C. Calhoun • James Madison • Which statement would a Southerner use to justify slavery? • Freed slaves would travel north and take jobs away from white workers • Slavery was necessary to the economy of the South • Banning slavery was unconstitutional

12. Cause 3: slavery/ Abolitionists

13. Abolitionists • 1st major black leader for equal rights • Frederick Douglass was the editor of an abolitionist newspaper called The North Star

14. Harriet Tubman • Helped slaves escape via the Underground Railroad. • She was given the nickname “Moses” like the man in the bible for helping to set her people free.

15. HarrietBeecherStowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War. - Abraham Lincoln

16. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. • 2 million in a decade! Her book inspired thousands of people to stand up against slavery.

17. John Brown– violent side to the abolitionist movement. • He and his sons brutally murdered 5 slave masters in Kansas. During the Bleeding Kansas War • Tried to start a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in 1859 by raiding an arsenal to arm escaped slaves. His actions caused Southern states to start screaming secession.

18. All of the following contributed to sectionalism except — • attitudes toward private ownership of land • feelings about slavery as an economic institution • degree of industry in different areas of the country • different uses of land in different areas of the country • Which sequence correctly orders the events chronologically? • 1, 2, 4, 3 • 3, 2, 1, 4 • 2, 4, 3, 1 • 4, 3, 2, 1 3. Why was Henry Clay called upon to create compromises in 1820 and 1850? What issue did he have to resolve?

19. Cause 4:Issue of the Spread of Slavery

20. Missouri Compromise, 1820 A Firebell in the Night! • Maine would join as a FREE state. • Missouri would join as a SLAVE state. • Any new territories in the Louisiana territory above the 36 30 line would be a FREE state. Below the line, a SLAVE state.

21. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 • This was a bill proposed in Congress to ban all slavery in any new territory the U.S. got from the Mexican War. • Congress was divided down sectional lines. • This bill never became law, but its issue led to the creation of a new political party called the “Free Soil Party” It wanted to stop the expansion of slavery in all new lands.

22. Compromise of 1850 California joined as a free state Congress passed a harsher Fugitive Slave Act and banned slave auctions in Washington D.C. to please the South. Popular Sovereignty People in N.M. can vote if state should be free/slave

23. Popular Sovereignty the people will Choose whether to Allow slavery or not.

24. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 • A law that split the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska. • The people in Kansas and Nebraska will vote whether they want to allow slavery in the territory. (popular sovereignty)

25. Bleeding Kansas • Proslavery forces won the elections, but Missourians known as “Border Ruffians” came across the border and attacked the small town of Lawrence, an abolitionist town. • Abolitionists were angered. Led by John Brown, they attacked a proslavery town. Under Brown’s order, five men were executed by scythe. • Unrest lasted for over two years. This was a small civil war and a look into what was coming.

26. Sectionalism at its worst! Bleeding Kansas and “Bleeding Sumner” became rallying cries for antislavery groups and a new political party… the Republican Party. Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

27. Dred Scott v Sandford, 1856 • Dred Scott, a slave, was taken into free states by his master (a doctor). He was then going to be brought to a slave state and he sued his owner for his freedom. • The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Roger Taney, ruled slaves were property and not citizens. A slave is a slave in any state in the Union. • The Court also stated that prohibiting slavery in the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional.

28. Write out your answers. • The Dred Scott decision held that slaves were property, of which a person can not be deprived of without due process of law under the ___. • Declaration of Independence • Bill of Rights • Articles of Confederation • By trying to satisfy the North and the South on the issue of slavery, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was similar to ___ • Great Compromise • Embargo Act • Three-Fifths Compromise • The election of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th president was the immediate cause of the __. • Nullification crisis • Secession of South Carolina • Missouri Compromise • Southern states’ views that secession was a “states’ rights” issue echoes the conflict behind ___. • Nullification Crisis • Federalists Papers • War of 1812

29. How did an unknown like Lincoln win the election? CAUSE #5Election of Lincoln, 1860

30. Republican Party forms1854 • Many leaders were unhappy with the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the beating of Charles Sumnerand the Dred Scott Court Case. • They formed a new political party that opposed slavery. They also supported Jefferson’s ideas about capitalism (Free enterprise). • Abraham Lincoln was their first major leader and political winner. But he didn’t win the first time around.

31. Lincoln vs. Douglas Debates 1856Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas were both running for the Illinois Senate seat in 1856. They traveled to several locations and debated many issues. Lincoln impressed everyone with his down to earth style. If each state will only agree to mind its own business… this republic can exist forever divided into free and slave states. If slavery is not wrong, then nothing is wrong… [But I] would not do anything to bring about a war between the free and slave states.

32. Lincoln vs. Douglas Debates 1856 • Lincoln argued the spread of slavery was wrong and should not be allowed. • Douglas said voters in each new territory should decide whether to allow slavery. • Douglas won the senate race in 1856. BUT… Lincoln became famous around the nation.

33. Based upon the map of the Election of 1860, why did Lincoln win the election? • Lincoln won the election because the Democratic Party had split and he won most of the Northern and Western states’ votes.

34. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

35. Southern States felt they were bullied by the North when he was elected, and they feared Lincoln would abolish slavery. Southern States threatened to Secede if Lincoln won the presidential election. Election of Lincoln, 1860

36. Dec. 1860, South Carolina was the first state to secede from the U.S. They believed since the states voluntarily formed the Union, they could voluntarily leave it.

37. The Southern states that seceded created a new nation they called the Confederate States of America and named Jefferson Davis as their president.

38. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address “…I declare that I have no purpose…to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists, I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” “I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the states.” “We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.”

39. The war begins - the firing on Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

40. Fort Sumter

41. The Civil War: UnionvsConfederacy

42. Confederate Union Rebel Yankee

43. Confederate UnionPresident President Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

44. Advantages of the Union (north)? • Union had double the population • Double the railroads and larger navy to carry supplies • 5 times as many factories • Had money and food resources

45. Confederate (Rebel) advantages (South) • Confederates had the best generals (Like Robert E. Lee) • Defending is always easier than attacking (On their home turf) • Fighting for liberty and their way of life

46. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

47. Battle Strategy for the North • Blockade the southern ports along the Atlantic Ocean • Divide the Confederate army by taking over the Mississippi River (divide and conquer) • Capture the enemy capital at Richmond, VA

48. South’s Strategy: • Defend, Defend, Defend – • Show strength and get England and France to become their allies. (Thought they needed their cotton)

49. Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) • The was the first major battle of the Civil War. According to Union forces and people in Washington D.C., the battle was supposed to be a quick and easy victory for the Union. • Because of the fierce resistance of a few initial Confederate forces at Manassas, Virginia, in July 1861, a march by Union troops was halted in the First Battle of Bull Run, or First Manassas,[149] McDowell's troops were forced back to Washington, D.C., • A Confederate General Thomas Jacksonreceived the nickname of "Stonewall" because he stood like a stone wall against Union troops.[150]

50. Robert E. Lee • Became a great military general. • He was a master at battle tactics and strategy. • He was able to penetrate the North. • He surrendered only because his army was weak due to lack of supplies and weapons.