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Africa

Africa. Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example: Sahara Desert in North Africa. Other parts get 400 inches of rain a year Can be land of lush, green rainforests

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Africa

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  1. Africa

  2. Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example: Sahara Desert in North Africa Other parts get 400 inches of rain a year Can be land of lush, green rainforests South Africa has fertile soil and vegetation. Geographic Contrasts

  3. Early African People • First Humans appeared in Great Rift Valley • Nomadic lifestyle until they learned to domesticate animals • Lived in clans • Religion included animism – a religion where people believe that spirits are present in animals, plants, and other natural forces.

  4. Great Rift Valley

  5. Kingdom of Aksum • Located by the Red Sea = modern day Ethiopia • Took over many important areas and became an important center of trade • Traded with Egypt, Arabia, Persia, India and the Roman Empire at Aksum’s key sea port called ANDULIS

  6. Trade in Aksum • Items traded: salt, rhinoceros horns, tortoise shells, ivory, emeralds, and gold • Imported cloth, glass, olive oil, wine, brass, iron and copper

  7. Aksum Religion • Traditionally monotheistic • God called Mahrem and their king Ezana was a direct descendent of him. • Offered sacrifices- animals • King Ezana converted to Christianity • In 451 A.D., Ethiopia and Egypt with become Orthodox and split from Roman Catholic

  8. Aksumite Architecture • Developed unique architecture using stone instead of mud bricks to build palaces and buildings • Used NO MORTAR • Instead they carved stones to fit together tightly • Built huge stone pillars called Stelae to celebrate king’s conquests

  9. Fall of Aksum • Aksum lasted for 800 years • Fell to invaders who practiced Islam

  10. Africa West African Kingdoms

  11. Ghana

  12. Ghana is the land of gold Two most important trading goods: 1. Gold 2. Salt Gold came from the Savanna Salt deposits were found in the Sahara Desert This important trade of gold and salt took place on the trans-Saharan trade The king was the only one allowed to keep gold nuggets. This way he could keep the price of gold high.

  13. Ghana Gold!

  14. Mali

  15. Mali • Like Ghana, Mali became wealthy because of gold. • A man name MansaMusa became leader of Mali. He was a devout Muslim. • Because of Mansa Musa, Mali grew to become twice the size of Ghana. • The city of Timbuktu became a center of trade and learning because Mansa Musa ordered mosques and universities to be built. • Timbuktu is the location of the House of Wisdom

  16. Songhai

  17. Songhai • After Mali declined, people broke away and formed a new civilization near the Niger river. • Two great rulers name: • 1. Sunni Ali • 2. Askia Muhammad

  18. Songhai • Sunni Ali captured the city of Timbuktu. • Askia Muhammad was an excellent administrator. He set up an efficient taxsystem and chose able officials. • Later they were taken over by the Moroccans who were fighting with guns.

  19. Pictures Cited • Slide 1 - http://www.newbornbooks.com/african_sunset.gif • Slide 2 – http://www.massmuvtravel.com/_img/nkrumahmonument.jpg • Slide 4 – • Picture 1 – http://www.remnantsofritual.com/photos/035_StaffFinial.jpg • Picture 2 – http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41897000/jpg/_41897952_goldbars_bbc_1998_416.jpg • Slide 5 – • Picture 1 – http://www.ghanaweb.biz/GHP/img/pics/38278553.jpg • Picture 2 – http://www.marshall.edu/akanart/images/ohenekra.jpg • Slide 6 - http://www.whats4eats.com/graphics/cuisine/mali.jpg • Slide 8 – http://www.mrdowling.com/images/609mosque.jpg • Slide 9 – http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sghi/hg_d_sghi_d2map.jpg • Slie 10 - http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/01/03/africa.economies/mali.timbuktu.jpg

  20. Pictures Cited • Slide 1 – http://www.cedcc.psu.edu/khanjan/ccKenya/048_African%20Sunset.JPG • Slide 3 - http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1102986/2/istockphoto_1102986_salt_caravan_in_the_sahara_desert.jpg, http://photos.igougo.com/images/p195855-Timbuktu-The_Sahara_Desert.jpg, http://www.visituganda.com/assets/images/what/photos/008-Kibale-Chimptrees.jpg • Slide 4 - http://anthro.palomar.edu/earlyprimates/images/map_of_great_rift_valley.gif • Slide 5 - http://www.unganisha.org/home/docs/imgs/great_rift_valley/great_rift.jpg • Slide 6 - http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~cwalton/walton/SOLPics/mapafricaaxum.JPG • Slide 7 - http://www.boneclones.com/images/ko252l_web-lg.jpg, http://www.trophyroomcollection.com/ivory/ivoryimg/ivory.JPG, http://www.emeralds.com/photos/lacruz.jpg • Slide 8 - http://wbchouston.org/files/Pictures/Christian.jpg • Slide 9 - http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=93423&rendTypeId=4 • Slide 10 - http://www.weltgebetsuhr.de/wgb/bilder/kaaba/original/kaaba-09.jpg

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