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The Clause Complex Prof. Viviana Nardechia

The Clause Complex Prof. Viviana Nardechia. A clause can be defined as the largest grammatical unit, and a clause complex is two or more clauses logically connected. In other words, a clause complex is a sequence of processes which are logically connected. HOW ARE CLAUSES

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The Clause Complex Prof. Viviana Nardechia

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  1. The Clause Complex Prof. Viviana Nardechia

  2. A clause can be defined as the largest grammatical unit, and a clause complex is two or more clauses logically connected. In other words, a clause complex is a sequence of processes which are logically connected.

  3. HOW ARE CLAUSES CONNECTED?

  4. Clauses within a complex are interrelated grammatically in terms of two systems, that of TAXIS and that ofLOGICO-SEMANTIC type.

  5. Taxis refers to the dependency status of the clauses in the clause complex It includes two different categories: Hypotaxis: dominant or dependent ( Greek letters: a, b, c, etc.) Parataxis: one clause follows on from another (Numbers: 1, 2, 3, etc.)

  6. Clauses can also be combined through one of these two LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS: EXPANSION PROJECTION

  7. Expansion links processes by providing additional information. It involves three types of relationships: ElaborationExtensionEnhancement

  8. Elaboration involves four relationships: specifying in greater detail restatement exemplification comment This is the “That is to say” relationship and is shown through the sign (=)

  9. Extensionextends the meaning of one clause by adding something new. It involves “and”, “but”, “or” type relationships and is marked by a (+) sign.

  10. Enhancement involves circumstantial relationships where the circumstantial information is coded as a new clause rather than within the clause. Enhancement can be: Temporal Conditional Causal Concessive Spatial Manner It is marked through an(x)sign

  11. elaboration extension enhancement System Network Analysis

  12. EXPANSION Elaborating Extending Enhancing that is to say and, but so, then or (rather) not only for, thus Paratactic in other words but also or else for example except still for instance or, yet otherwise in fact, like rather than while, so that Hypotactic which whereas when, where while because, if instead as, even though besides despite, after

  13. Analysis of Clause Complexes When analysing clause complexes, we take into account these guidelines: List each clause vertically down the page, lettering each clause complex (A,B,C, etc.) and numbering each clause in the clause complex (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.) Display analysis on the left-hand side of the text Begin a new layer whenever there is a change in taxis or a change in logico-semantic relation.

  14. A clause complex analysis showing the “layering” of the structure. Example: Morel went to bed in misery, and Mrs Morel felt as if she were numbed by some drug, i.e. her feelings were paralysed.

  15. (A) (i) Morel went to bed in misery (ii) and Mrs Morel felt (iii) as if she were numbed by some drug (iv) i.e. her feelings were paralysed

  16. (A) (i) 1 Morel went to bed in misery, (ii) 2 + a and Mrs Morel felt (iii) x b 1 as if she were numbed by some drug (iv) = 2 i.e. her feelings were paralysed

  17. Morel went to bed in misery 1 and + a Mrs Morel felt as if 2 1 she were numbed by some drug x b (i.e.) = 2 her feelings were paralysed

  18. Analyse the following Clause complexes showing their syntactic and logico-semantic relationship. Each level of govermment has its set duties, which it must carry out.

  19. (i) Each level of govermment has its set duties, (ii) which it must carry out.

  20. (i) a Each level of govermment has its set duties, (ii) = bwhich it must carry out.

  21. She never enjoys parties if her boyfriend’s not there so we didn’t invite her.

  22. (i) She never enjoys parties if her boyfriend’s not there (ii) so we didn’t invite her

  23. (i) 1 a She never enjoys parties (ii) x b if her boyfriend’s not there (iii) x 2 so we didn’t invite her

  24. John invited the Wilsons to the party but they didn’t come, which made John rather indignant as he had thought he was doing them a favour.

  25. (C) (i) John invited the Wilsons to the party (ii) but they didn’t come, (iii) which made John rather indignant (iv) as he had thought (v) he was doing them a favour

  26. (C) (i) 1 John invited the Wilsons to the party (ii) + 2 a but they didn’t come, (iii) = b a which made John rather indignant (iv) x b a as he had thought (v) b he was doing them a favour

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